FeatureBooster: Boosting Feature Descriptors with a Lightweight Neural Network

We introduce a lightweight network to improve descriptors of keypoints within the same image. The network takes the original descriptors and the geometric properties of keypoints as the input, and uses an MLP-based self-boosting stage and a Transformer-based cross-boosting stage to enhance the descriptors. The enhanced descriptors can be either real-valued or binary ones. We use the proposed network to boost both hand-crafted (ORB, SIFT) and the state-of-the-art learning-based descriptors (SuperPoint, ALIKE) and evaluate them on image matching, visual localization, and structure-from-motion tasks. The results show that our method significantly improves the performance of each task, particularly in challenging cases such as large illumination changes or repetitive patterns. Our method requires only 3.2ms on desktop GPU and 27ms on embedded GPU to process 2000 features, which is fast enough to be applied to a practical system.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 5 table

Persistent Upflows and Downflows at Active Region boundaries Observed by SUTRI and AIA

Upflows and downflows at active region (AR) boundaries have been frequently observed with spectroscopic observations at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) passbands. In this paper, we report the coexistence of upflows and downflows at the AR boundaries with imaging observations from the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). With their observations from 2022 September 21 to 2022 September 30, we find 17 persistent opposite flows occurring along the AR coronal loops. The upflows are prominent in the AIA 193 \AA images with a velocity of 50-200 km/s, while the downflows are best seen in the SUTRI 465 \AA and AIA 131 \AA images with a slower velocity of tens of kilometers per second (characteristic temperatures (log T(K)) for 193 \AA, 465 \AA and 131 \AA are 6.2, 5.7, 5.6, respectively). We also analyze the center-to-limb variation of the velocities for both upflows and downflows. The simultaneous observations of downflows and upflows can be explained by the chromosphere-corona mass-cycling process, in which the localized chromospheric plasma is impulsively heated to coronal temperature forming a upflow and then these upflows experience radiative cooling producing a downflow with the previously heated plasma returning to the lower atmosphere. In particular, the persistent downflows seen by SUTRI provide strong evidence of the cooling process in the mass cycle. For upflows associated with open loops, part of the plasma is able to escape outward and into the heliosphere as solar wind

Challenging isodimorphism concepts: formation of three crystalline phases in poly(hexamethylene-ran-octamethylene carbonate) copolymers

In this work, poly(hexamethylene-ran-octamethylene carbonate) copolycarbonates were synthesized by melt polycondensation in a wide range of compositions. The copolymers displayed some of the characteristic isodimorphic thermal behavior, such as crystallization for all the compositions and a pseudoeutectic behavior of the melting temperature (Tm) versus composition. The pseudoeutectic point was located at 33 mol % poly(octamethylene carbonate) (POC) content (i.e., corresponding to the PH67O33C copolymer). Surprisingly, the crystallinities (Xc) for a wide range of copolymer compositions were higher than those of the parent components, a phenomenon that has not been observed before in isodimorphic random copolymers. The structural characterization, performed by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, revealed unexpected results depending on composition. On the one hand, the poly(hexamethylene carbonate) (PHC)- and POC-rich copolymers crystallize in PHC- and POC-type crystals, as expected. Moreover, upon cooling and heating, in situ WAXS experiments evidenced that these materials undergo reversible solid–solid transitions [d-a (PHC) and d-a-ß (POC)] present in the parent components but at lower temperatures. On the other hand, a novel behavior was found for copolymers with 33–73 mol % POC (including the pseudoeutectic point), which are those with higher crystallinities than the parent components. For these copolymers, a new crystalline phase that is different from that of both homopolymers was observed. The in situ WAXS results for these copolymers confirmed that this novel phase is stable upon cooling and heating and does not show any crystallographic feature of the parent components or their solid–solid transitions. FTIR experiments confirmed this behavior, revealing that the new phase adopts a polyethylene-like chain conformation that differs from the trans-dominant ones exhibited by the parent components. This finding challenges the established concepts of isodimorphism and questions whether a combination of crystallization modes (isodimorphism and isomorphism) is possible in the same family of random copolymers just by changing the composition.This research was financed by the project PID2020- 113045GB-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22. This work is also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22273113, 51820105005). Y.L. thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding his Ph.D. scholarship. R.A.P.-C. is supported by the ADAGIO-H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2020 program (101034379). The BSRF is acknowledged for providing the beamtime.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i InfraestructuraObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum ResponsablesObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al ClimaPostprint (published version

Ku80 cooperates with CBP to promote COX-2 expression and tumor growth.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in lung cancer development and progression. Using streptavidin-agarose pulldown and proteomics assay, we identified and validated Ku80, a dimer of Ku participating in the repair of broken DNA double strands, as a new binding protein of the COX-2 gene promoter. Overexpression of Ku80 up-regulated COX-2 promoter activation and COX-2 expression in lung cancer cells. Silencing of Ku80 by siRNA down-regulated COX-2 expression and inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Ku80 knockdown suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, resulting in an inactivation of the MAPK pathway. Moreover, CBP, a transcription co-activator, interacted with and acetylated Ku80 to co-regulate the activation of COX-2 promoter. Overexpression of CBP increased Ku80 acetylation, thereby promoting COX-2 expression and cell growth. Suppression of CBP by a CBP-specific inhibitor or siRNA inhibited COX-2 expression as well as tumor cell growth. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis of lung adenocarcinomas revealed a strong positive correlation between levels of Ku80 and COX-2 and clinicopathologic variables. Overexpression of Ku80 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancers. We conclude that Ku80 promotes COX-2 expression and tumor growth and is a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer

Breast cancer survival analysis with molecular subtypes : an initial step

As a predominant threat to women's health world-wide, breast cancer has become increasingly important in on-cology research. The discovery of molecular subtypes of breast cancer has led to more subtype oriented treatment and prognosis prediction. Effective prognosis models help to estimate the recurrence as well as the quality and duration of survival, leading to more personalized treatments. However, most traditional prognostic models either ignore molecular subtypes or only make limited use of them. The roles of molecular subtypes in the development and treatment of breast cancer have not been fully revealed. With the over 1200 cases collected by Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University in the past two decades, we aim to improve understanding of molecular subtypes and their impacts on the prognosis via data analysis in the long run. As the initial stage, this short paper presents our preliminary work of logistic regression experiments with the data. Though molecular subtypes have not been included the tentative model, they are to be explored further in following stages

CCL4 participates in the reprogramming of glucose metabolism induced by ALV-J infection in chicken macrophages

Interferon and chemokine-mediated immune responses are two general antiviral programs of the innate immune system in response to viral infections and have recently emerged as important players in systemic metabolism. This study found that the chemokine CCL4 is negatively regulated by glucose metabolism and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection in chicken macrophages. Low expression levels of CCL4 define this immune response to high glucose treatment or ALV-J infection. Moreover, the ALV-J envelope protein is responsible for CCL4 inhibition. We confirmed that CCL4 could inhibit glucose metabolism and ALV-J replication in chicken macrophages. The present study provides novel insights into the antiviral defense mechanism and metabolic regulation of the chemokine CCL4 in chicken macrophages

Aberrant Expression of Proteins Involved in Signal Transduction and DNA Repair Pathways in Lung Cancer and Their Association with Clinical Parameters

Because cell signaling and cell metabolic pathways are executed through proteins, protein signatures in primary tumors are useful for identifying key nodes in signaling networks whose alteration is associated with malignancy and/or clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine protein signatures in primary lung cancer tissues.We analyzed 126 proteins and/or protein phosphorylation sites in case-matched normal and tumor samples from 101 lung cancer patients with reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) assay. The results showed that 18 molecules were significantly different (p<0.05) by at least 30% between normal and tumor tissues. Most of those molecules play roles in cell proliferation, DNA repair, signal transduction and lipid metabolism, or function as cell surface/matrix proteins. We also validated RPPA results by Western blot and/or immunohistochemical analyses for some of those molecules. Statistical analyses showed that Ku80 levels were significantly higher in tumors of nonsmokers than in those of smokers. Cyclin B1 levels were significantly overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors while Cox2 levels were significantly overexpressed in neuroendocrinal tumors. A high level of Stat5 is associated with favorable survival outcome for patients treated with surgery.Our results revealed that some molecules involved in DNA damage/repair, signal transductions, lipid metabolism, and cell proliferation were drastically aberrant in lung cancer tissues, and Stat5 may serve a molecular marker for prognosis of lung cancers

CMTM6 shapes antitumor T cell response through modulating protein expression of CD58 and PD-L1

The dysregulated expression of immune checkpoint molecules enables cancer cells to evade immune destruction. While blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints like PD-L1 forms the basis of current cancer immunotherapies, a deficiency in costimulatory signals can render these therapies futile. CD58, a costimulatory ligand, plays a crucial role in antitumor immune responses, but the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unclear. Using two systematic approaches, we reveal that CMTM6 positively regulates CD58 expression. Notably, CMTM6 interacts with both CD58 and PD-L1, maintaining the expression of these two immune checkpoint ligands with opposing functions. Functionally, the presence of CMTM6 and CD58 on tumor cells significantly affects T cell-tumor interactions and response to PD-L1-PD-1 blockade. Collectively, these findings provide fundamental insights into CD58 regulation, uncover a shared regulator of stimulatory and inhibitory immune checkpoints, and highlight the importance of tumor-intrinsic CMTM6 and CD58 expression in antitumor immune responses