A Marxist Reading of Mary Barton

 Mary Barton is a realistic novel written by Mrs. Gaskell. It assumes in the reader not only imaginative sympathy with the distress of the Manchester workers, but also knowledge of the social and political movement of the 1840s, which so often offered hopes to the oppressed. By applying Marxist literary theory to the reading of this novel one can find how subtle the authoress’ depiction of growing hope and then crushing despair of the workingmen. Also, by using Marxist critique one can discover the authoress, while trying to write from the working people’s viewpoint, can not simply empty herself of all her inherited middle-class attitude, which results in the unconvincing and doubtful ending of the novel

Basic Cognitive Abilities in Interpreting and Their Changes over Human Life Span -- A Developmental Psychology Perspective

Interpreting is a special language processing activity involving a multiplicity of abilities, among which cognitive abilities are of key importance and received the most attention from interpreting researchers. By drawing on cognitive psychology and developmental psychology, this paper has briefly surveyed three major cognitive abilities that are functioning at the core of the interpreting process. As these cognitive abilities are subject to the law of aging, this paper has further discussed the possible impact that aging-associated decline of these cognitive abilities might exert on the performance of interpreters

Combination of CT and RT-PCR in the screening or diagnosis of COVID-19

[No abstract available

Experimental Study on the Influence of KDL Physical and Health Education Curriculum on Primary School Students\u27 Physical Fitness

Physical and Health Education Curriculum (KDL) is a curriculum based on China\u27s Sports and Health Curriculum Standards and China\u27s Health Sports Curriculum Model. This study aims to explore the influence of KDL on primary school students\u27 physical fitness. A total of 91 primary school students participated in this study, including 47 in the experimental group and 44 in the control group. The experiment lasted for 18 weeks. During the experiment, the PE teacher of experimental group used KDL to teach, with specific requirements: (1) The activity time of each class was more than 75%, and the intensity, measured with average heart rates, was above 140-160 beats/min; (2) Each class had about 10 minutes of physical exercise; and (3) each class focused on activities and competitions. The control group was given routine physical education lessons without intervention. Before and after the experiment, both groups participated in physical fitness tests, including 50-meter running, vital capacity, seat forward flexion, and 1-minute rope jumping. SPSS was used to analyze the physical fitness of both groups. Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in physical fitness between the two groups. After the experiment, the experiment group outperformed the control group in the 1-minute rope skipping (t = 10.77, p \u3c 0.05) and exceled in the vital capacity (t = 0.04, p \u3c 0.05). There was no significant difference in other physical fitness tests between the two groups. This study shows that KDL curriculum has a significant positive impact on physical fitness of primary school students, mainly reflected in vital capacity and 1-minute rope skipping. The effect may be related to the high time on task and appropriate intensity advocated by KDL curriculum. We recommend KDL physical curriculum to be promoted in primary and secondary schools

Optical studies of current-induced spin-orbit effects in magnetic systems

Efficient electrical control of magnetic moments is essential for future spintronics applications, in which the intrinsic spin of the electron is utilized in addition to the electron charge for data processing and storage. Spin-orbit-interaction-induced phenomena, including the spin Hall effect, Rashba-Edelstein effect and the resultant spin-orbit torques (SOTs), have fueled the development of spintronics for more than a decade thanks to their promising magnetization-switching efficiencies. This dissertation presents experimental studies of current-induced novel phenomena arising from the spin-orbit interaction in magnetic materials. We first develop a highly-sensitive SOT magnetometer system based on the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). With the help of this sensitive system, we find an anomalous spin-orbit torque (ASOT) at the surfaces of single-layer magnetic thin films. Following the insight provided by the single-layer findings, we further demonstrate self-spin-orbit torque (SSOT) in multilayer systems lacking traditional nonmagnetic spin-source materials. A simple and accurate SOT characterization approach is important not only for scientific research, but also for industrial product development. We develop a SOT magnetometer system employing MOKE and lock-in detection for high-sensitivity spin-orbit torque measurements. By controlling the incident light polarization in the normal-incidence configuration, polar- and quadratic-MOKE are used to measure out-of-plane and in-plane SOT-induced magnetization reorientation, respectively. Thanks to its simplicity and high sensitivity ($< 70$ $\mathrm{nrad/\sqrt{Hz}}$ polarization rotation resolution), our SOT magnetometer system enables us to perform a variety of experiments for discovery of new phenomena. A well-known spin-orbit-interaction-induced phenomenon in magnetic materials is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this dissertation, we report the observation of a counterpart of the AHE that we term the ASOT, wherein an electric current parallel to the magnetization generates opposite spin-orbit torques on the surfaces of the magnetic film. After a series of thickness-dependent and interface-varying experiments on different magnetic materials, we interpret the observed ASOT as due to a spin-Hall-like current generated with a high efficiency. This work leads to the conclusion that a single-layer ferromagnet can generate SOTs on its own surfaces, which introduces a new route for electrically manipulating magnetization in magnetic nanodevices. Current-induced SOTs in multilayer structures consisting of a ferromagnetic metal (FM) and a nonmagnetic spin-source material (SSM) can efficiently manipulate the magnetization and magnetic textures of the FM. The origin of the SOT is often attributed to the spin current generated by the nonmagnetic SSM, which generates a spin transfer torque on the FM. In light of our study of ASOT in single-layer magnetic films, we examine the effects of an FM-originated spin current in multilayer structures. It turns out that such spin current leads to large SOTs on the FM itself. We refer to this long-overlooked SOT as the self-spin-orbit torque (SSOT). The discovery of SSOT provides a new method for manipulating magnetization by using magnetic materials that work with nonmagnetic SSMs constructively

Enhanced GPS Measurements Simulation for Space-oriented Navigation System Design

AbstractAt the stage of preliminary scheme and algorithm design for spaceborne navigation systems, a precise and high-fidelity software global positioning system (GPS) simulator is a necessary and feasible testing facility in laboratory environments, with consideration of the tradeoffs where possible. This article presents a software GPS measurements simulator on the L1 C/A code and carrier signal for space-oriented navigation system design. The simulator, coded in MATLAB language, generates both C/A code pseudorange and carrier phase measurements. Mathematical models in the Earth centered inertial (ECI) frame are formulated to simulate the GPS constellation and to generate GPS measurements. A series of efficient measures are investigated and utilized to rationalize the enhanced simulator, in terms of ephemeris data selection, space ionospheric model and range rate calculation, etc. Such an enhanced simulator has been facilitating our current work for designing a space integrated GPS/inertial navigation system (INS) navigation system. Consequently, it will promote our future research on space-oriented navigation system

Bis(tri-2-pyridyl­amine)­nickel(II) bis­(perchlorate)

In the title compound, [Ni(C15H12N4)2](ClO4)2, the NiII atom lies on an inversion center and is octa­hedrally coordinated by the N atoms of two tridentate tri-2-pyridyl­amine ligands. The two perchlorate anions are disordered over two sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.528 (19):0.472 (19)

Gauss Newton method for solving variational problems of PDEs with neural network discretizaitons

The numerical solution of differential equations using machine learning-based approaches has gained significant popularity. Neural network-based discretization has emerged as a powerful tool for solving differential equations by parameterizing a set of functions. Various approaches, such as the deep Ritz method and physics-informed neural networks, have been developed for numerical solutions. Training algorithms, including gradient descent and greedy algorithms, have been proposed to solve the resulting optimization problems. In this paper, we focus on the variational formulation of the problem and propose a Gauss- Newton method for computing the numerical solution. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the superlinear convergence properties of this method, along with a discussion on semi-regular zeros of the vanishing gradient. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed Gauss-Newton method