Characterization of Eigenvalues in Spectral Gap for Singular Differential Operators

The spectral properties for n order differential operators are considered. When given a spectral gap (a,b) of the minimal operator T0 with deficiency index r, arbitrary m points βi  (i=1,2,…,m) in (a,b), and a positive integer function p such that ∑i=1mp(βi)≤r, T0 has a self-adjoint extension T̃ such that each βi  (i=1,2,…,m) is an eigenvalue of T̃ with multiplicity at least p(βi)

Synchronization between Different Networks with Time-Varying Delay and Its Application in Bilayer Coupled Public Traffic Network

In order to study the dynamic characteristics of urban public traffic network, this paper establishes the conventional bus traffic network and the urban rail traffic network based on the space R modeling method. Then regarding these two networks as the subnetwork, the paper presents a new bilayer coupled public traffic network through the transfer relationship between subway and bus, and this model well reflects the connection between the passengers and bus operating vehicles. Based on the synchronization theory of coupling network with time-varying delay and taking “Lorenz system” as the network node, the paper studies the synchronization of bilayer coupled public traffic network. Finally, numerical results are given to show the impact of public traffic dispatching, delayed departure, the number of public bus stops between bus lines, and the number of transfer stations between two traffic modes on the bilayer coupled public traffic network balance through Matlab simulation

5,8-Dibromo-15-cyano-2,11-dithia­[3.3]paracyclo­phane

In the title compound [systematic name: 13,15-dibromo-3,10-dithia­tricyclo­[10.2.2.25,8]octa­deca-1(14),5,7,12,15,17-hexa­ene-6-carbonitrile], C17H13Br2NS2, the mean planes of the benzene rings are almost parallel, making a dihedral angle of 1.1 (2)°, and the distance between the ring centroids is 3.294 (3) Å, which is shorter than the normal packing distance of aromatic rings (about 3.4 Å), indicating a strong π–π inter­action. The S atom of one bridging chain is disorderd over two positions with site occupancies of 0.605 (4) and 0.395 (4) for the major and minor components, respectively

Culture Condition Effect on Bioflocculant Production and Actual Wastewater Treatment Application by Different Types of Bioflocculants

The effect of culture condition on different types of bioflocculant production and its application on actual wastewater treatment were studied in this chapter. The advantages of mixed strain HXJ-1 were as follows: directly using acidic wine wastewater, adapting to wastewater at high concentrations and the presence of less nitrogen. HXJ-1 achieved good flocculating rate when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 12,000 mg/L, C/N 20:1. Three kinds of bioflocculants had some good treatment results on starch wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater and landfill leachate. The treatment effect of XJBF-1 (produced by mixed strain HXJ-1) on the starch wastewater was better than that of traditional polyacrylamide and other bioflocculants produced by a single bacterial (X15BF-1) and yeast strain (J1BF-1). XJBF-1 had better treatment results on three types of wastewater. It also had good removal rate of chromaticity, especially on the starch wastewater , the printing and dyeing wastewater; the removal rate was up to 88%, and the starch wastewater COD removal rate was up to 86%

Mutual Inhibitory Mechanisms between PPAR? and Hif-1?: Implication in Pulmonary Hypertension

Transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1? (Hif-1?) is known for its crucial role in promoting the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Previous studies have indicated the in-depth mechanisms that Hif-1? increases the distal pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure and vascular remodeling by triggering the intracellular calcium homeostasis, especially the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) process. In our recent research paper published in the Journal of Molecular Medicine, we found that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) activation could attenuate the PH pathogenesis by suppressing the elevated distal PA pressure and vascular remodeling. Moreover, these effects are likely mediated through the inhibition of SOCE by suppressing Hif-1?. These results provided convincing evidence and novel mechanisms in supporting the protective roles of PPAR? on PH treatment. Then, by using comprehensive loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies, we further identified the presence of a mutual inhibitory mechanism between PPAR? and Hif-1?. Basically, under chronic hypoxic stress, accumulated Hif-1? leads to abolished expression of PPAR? and progressive imbalance between PPAR? and Hif-1?, which promotes the PH progression; however, targeted PPAR? restoration approach reversely inhibits Hif-1? level and Hif-1? mediated signaling transduction, which subsequently attenuates the elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling under PH pathogenesis

How to survive in the world’s third poplar: Insights from the genome of the highest altitude woody plant, Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae)

Hippophae tibetana (Tibetan sea-buckthorn) is one of the highest distributed woody plants in the world (3,000-5,200 meters a.s.l.). It is characterized by adaptation to extreme environment and important economic values. Here, we combined PacBio Hifi platform and Hi-C technology to assemble a 1,452.75 Mb genome encoding 33,367 genes with a Contig N50 of 74.31 Mb, and inferred its sexual chromosome. Two Hippophae-specific whole-genome duplication events (18.7-21.2 million years ago, Ma; 28.6-32.4 Ma) and long terminal repeats retroelements (LTR-RTs) amplifications were detected. Comparing with related species at lower altitude, Ziziphus jujuba (<1, 700 meters a.s.l.), H. tibetana had some significantly rapid evolving genes involved in adaptation to high altitude habitats. However, comparing with Hippophae rhamnoides (<3, 700 meters a.s.l.), no rapid evolving genes were found except microtubule and microtubule-based process genes, H. tibetana has a larger genome, with extra 2, 503 genes (7.5%) and extra 680.46 Mb transposable elements (TEs) (46.84%). These results suggest that the changes in the copy number and regulatory pattern of genes play a more important role for H. tibetana adapting to more extreme and variable environments at higher altitude by more TEs and more genes increasing genome variability and expression plasticity. This suggestion was supported by two findings: nitrogen-fixing genes of H. tibetana having more copies, and intact TEs being significantly closer genes than fragmentary TEs. This study provided new insights into the evolution of alpine plants

Nonlinear Dynamics of a PI Hydroturbine Governing System with Double Delays

A PI hydroturbine governing system with saturation and double delays is generated in small perturbation. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system is investigated. More precisely, at first, we analyze the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the PI hydroturbine governing system with double delays under the four different cases. Corresponding stability theorem and Hopf bifurcation theorem of the system are obtained at equilibrium points. And then the stability of periodic solution and the direction of the Hopf bifurcation are illustrated by using the normal form method and center manifold theorem. We find out that the stability and direction of the Hopf bifurcation are determined by three parameters. The results have great realistic significance to guarantee the power system frequency stability and improve the stability of the hydropower system. At last, some numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results