Exploring communities of practice for product family engineering

Product Family Engineering (PFE) is an approach to software engineering that seeks to reduce the global effort in producing multiple software products by actively promoting and governing the reuse of assets between the family members. However, PFE is highly demanding, putting stringent demands on careful planning and management in the organization. To leverage the full opportunities offered by PFE, its introduction and use requires effective coordination of people and organizational units. This paper presents a solution to support this coordination by exploring concepts from the area of communities of practices for PFE. The expected benefit is that communities offer a more adaptive approach supporting the transition towards PFE compared to formal organizational restructuring. In this paper, we will describe our considerations about the building principles for organizations using a shared platform for the family members and a study proposal that will examine the effects of knowledge brokering among Communities of Practice as a means to assist PFE

Supplementary Material for: Metabolomics of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Case-Control Analysis in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Whereas several longitudinal metabolomics studies have been conducted in individuals with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline, disease progression among individuals with established chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been rigorously examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a nested case-control study of rapid CKD progression in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, profiling baseline plasma from 200 individuals each with eGFR slope <-3 ml/min/1.73 m²/year (cases) or between -1 and +1 ml/min/1.73 m²/year (controls), matched on baseline eGFR and proteinuria. To directly assess how the kidney modulates circulating metabolites, we profiled plasma from the aorta and renal vein of 25 hospital-based individuals. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At baseline, cases and controls had a mean eGFR of 41.7 ± 13.3 and 45.0 ± 14.5 ml/min/1.73 m², respectively. Ten plasma metabolites were nominally associated with CKD progression in logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, eGFR and proteinuria; no metabolite achieved the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold (p < 0.0003). In a cross-sectional analysis, all 6 of the metabolites that were higher in cases than controls were significantly associated with eGFR at baseline. By contrast, threonine, methionine and arginine were lower in cases than in controls and had no association with baseline eGFR. Furthermore, in the hospital-based cohort that underwent renal arteriovenous sampling, these 3 metabolites were net released from the kidney. Combining these metabolites into a panel of markers further strengthened their association with CKD progression. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results motivate interest in arginine, methionine and threonine as potential indicators of renal metabolic function and markers of renal prognosis

Robots à Architecture Complexe : De la Conception à la Performance et l'Autonomie

National audienceCet article donne un aperçu des activités menées par les équipes de cinq laboratoires concernant les robots à architecture parallèles. Les apports concernent aussi bien la conception mécanique, la modélisation et l’identification, que la commande. Les travaux comprennent des volets théoriques autant qu’expérimentaux

The Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing Challenge: An Investigation of the Co-location Strategy in Software Development Offshoring

Part 4: Software DevelopmentInternational audienceCross-cultural offshoring in software development challenges effective knowledge sharing. While research has suggested temporarily co-locating participants to address this challenge, few studies are available on what knowledge sharing practices emerge over time when co-locating cross-cultural software developers. This paper presents a longitudinal case study of an offshoring project with co-location of Indian and Danish software developers for 10½ months. A community-of-practice (CoP) analysis is offered of what knowledge sharing practices emerge over time and how these where facilitated. The study supports previous studies’ suggestion of co-location in offshoring for helping cross-cultural knowledge sharing. However, the short initial period of co-location suggested in these studies, was insufficient for achieving knowledge sharing practices indicating a CoP. In conjunction with a longer period of co-location four facilitators of cross-cultural knowledge sharing were shared office, shared responsibility for tasks and problems, shared prioritization of team spirit, and a champion of social integration