38 research outputs found
Word Embedding based Correlation Model for Question/Answer Matching
With the development of community based question answering (Q&A) services, a
large scale of Q&A archives have been accumulated and are an important
information and knowledge resource on the web. Question and answer matching has
been attached much importance to for its ability to reuse knowledge stored in
these systems: it can be useful in enhancing user experience with recurrent
questions. In this paper, we try to improve the matching accuracy by overcoming
the lexical gap between question and answer pairs. A Word Embedding based
Correlation (WEC) model is proposed by integrating advantages of both the
translation model and word embedding, given a random pair of words, WEC can
score their co-occurrence probability in Q&A pairs and it can also leverage the
continuity and smoothness of continuous space word representation to deal with
new pairs of words that are rare in the training parallel text. An experimental
study on Yahoo! Answers dataset and Baidu Zhidao dataset shows this new
method's promising potential.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Task-technology Fit Aware Expectation-confirmation Model towards Understanding of MOOCs Continued Usage Intention
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been playing a pivotal role among the latest e-learning initiative and obtain widespread popularity in many universities. But the low course completion rate and the high midway dropout rate of students have puzzled some researchers and designers of MOOCs. Therefore, it is important to explore the factors affecting studentsā continuance intention to use MOOCs. This study integrates task-technology fit which can explain how the characteristics of task and technology affect the outcome of technology utilization into expectation-confirmation model to analyze the factors influencing studentsā keeping using MOOCs and the relationships of constructs in the model, then it will also extend our understandings of continuance intention about MOOCs. We analyze and study 234 respondents, and results reveal that perceived usefulness, satisfaction and task-technology fit are important precedents of the intention to continue using MOOCs. Researchers and designers of MOOCs may obtain further insight in continuance intention about MOOCs
Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogues in Latent Space with Next Sentence Prediction and Mutual Information
The long-standing one-to-many issue of the open-domain dialogues poses
significant challenges for automatic evaluation methods, i.e., there may be
multiple suitable responses which differ in semantics for a given
conversational context. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel
learning-based automatic evaluation metric (CMN), which can robustly evaluate
open-domain dialogues by augmenting Conditional Variational Autoencoders
(CVAEs) with a Next Sentence Prediction (NSP) objective and employing Mutual
Information (MI) to model the semantic similarity of text in the latent space.
Experimental results on two open-domain dialogue datasets demonstrate the
superiority of our method compared with a wide range of baselines, especially
in handling responses which are distant to the golden reference responses in
semantics.Comment: Accepted at ACL202
How to Determine the Most Powerful Pre-trained Language Model without Brute Force Fine-tuning? An Empirical Survey
Transferability estimation has been attached to great attention in the
computer vision fields. Researchers try to estimate with low computational cost
the performance of a model when transferred from a source task to a given
target task. Considering the effectiveness of such estimations, the communities
of natural language processing also began to study similar problems for the
selection of pre-trained language models. However, there is a lack of a
comprehensive comparison between these estimation methods yet. Also, the
differences between vision and language scenarios make it doubtful whether
previous conclusions can be established across fields. In this paper, we first
conduct a thorough survey of existing transferability estimation methods being
able to find the most suitable model, then we conduct a detailed empirical
study for the surveyed methods based on the GLUE benchmark. From qualitative
and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of
existing methods and show that H-Score generally performs well with
superiorities in effectiveness and efficiency. We also outline the difficulties
of consideration of training details, applicability to text generation, and
consistency to certain metrics which shed light on future directions.Comment: Accepted by Findings of EMNLP 202
A Review of Data Mining in Personalized Education: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Personalized education, tailored to individual student needs, leverages
educational technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital age to
enhance learning effectiveness. The integration of AI in educational platforms
provides insights into academic performance, learning preferences, and
behaviors, optimizing the personal learning process. Driven by data mining
techniques, it not only benefits students but also provides educators and
institutions with tools to craft customized learning experiences. To offer a
comprehensive review of recent advancements in personalized educational data
mining, this paper focuses on four primary scenarios: educational
recommendation, cognitive diagnosis, knowledge tracing, and learning analysis.
This paper presents a structured taxonomy for each area, compiles commonly used
datasets, and identifies future research directions, emphasizing the role of
data mining in enhancing personalized education and paving the way for future
exploration and innovation.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
An internal ribosomal entry site mediates redox-sensitive translation of Nrf2
Nrf2 plays pivotal roles in coordinating the antioxidant response and maintaining redox homeostasis. Nrf2 expression is exquisitely regulated; Nrf2 expression is suppressed under unstressed conditions but strikingly induced under oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that stress-induced Nrf2 up-regulation results from both the inhibition of Nrf2 degradation and enhanced Nrf2 translation. In the present study, we elucidate the mechanism underlying translational control of Nrf2. An internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) was identified within the 5ā² untranslated region of human Nrf2 mRNA. The IRESNrf2 contains a highly conserved 18S rRNA binding site (RBS) that is required for internal initiation. This IRESNrf2 also contains a hairpin structured inhibitory element (IE) located upstream of the RBS. Deletion of this IE remarkably enhanced translation. Significantly, treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phyto-oxidant sulforaphane further stimulated IRESNrf2-mediated translation initiation despite the attenuation of global protein synthesis. Polyribosomal profile assay confirmed that endogenous Nrf2 mRNAs were recruited into polysomal fractions under oxidative stress conditions. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Nrf2 translation is suppressed under normal conditions and specifically enhanced upon oxidant exposure by internal initiation, and provide a mechanistic explanation for translational control of Nrf2 by oxidative stress
A Survey of Context Aware Web Service Discovery: From User's Perspective
AbstractāWeb service is one of the fundamental technologies in implementing Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based applications. One of the essential challenges in web service based applications is how to find a set of suitable web service candidates with regard to a userās requirement. Currently most web service discovery systems have constrains on the content and format of submitted web service request. There-fore, during the information transformation from a userās real web service need to formalized request, some useful informa-tion is lost implicitly or explicitly. To understand the userās intention as much as possible, a lot of approaches have been proposed among them context aware methods have shown promising result. In this paper, we present an overview of the field of context aware web service discovery and try to classify current generation of those approaches into different catego-ries. This paper also describes limitations of current context awareness in web service discovery and discusses possible ap-plications that can enhance the overall discovery performance. Keywords-web service; discovery; survey; context awareness; applications I
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