Perbandingan Harga Energi dari Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Fosil

PERBANDINGAN HARGA ENERGI DARI SUMBER ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DAN FOSIL. Transportasi biaya rendah untuk orang dan barang sangat penting untuk kesejahteraan ekonomi bangsa. Hingga kini jika harga minyak naik, biaya transportasi otomatis akan mengikuti dan sebagian rakyat menderita akibat melambungnya harga makanan dan barang-barang lainnya. Hampir 100 persen kebutuhan energi transportasi negara Indonesia didukung oleh minyak. Sementara biaya di sektor energi terutama listrik, di negara maju yang juga berperan signifikan untuk mendukung transportasi, jauh lebih stabil dan dapat diprediksi. Kebutuhan energi yang begitu tinggi di sektor transportasi cenderung memaksa manusia untuk mengupayakan sumber dan sarana energi dalam bentuk lain seperti listrik atau hydrogen yang dapat menyamai atau melebihi kinerja bahan bakar minyak. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan keekonomian harga energi dari sumber EBT dan fosil untuk melihat sejauh mana peluang keekonomian beberapa jenis energi dapat memainkan peran signifikan di sektor transportasi dan dampak selanjutnya di dalam sistem energi. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelusuran pustaka dan perhitungan langsung pada bahan atau sumber energi terkait. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa akan semakin dibutuhkan peran energi nuklir dan energi tertentu lainnya sebagai sumber energi listrik menimbang aspek keekonomiannya yang relatif lebih baik

A Comprehensive Method for Assessing Meat Freshness Using Fusing Electronic Nose, Computer Vision, and Artificial Tactile Technologies

The traditional methods cannot be used to meet the requirements of rapid and objective detection of meat freshness. Electronic nose (E-Nose), computer vision (CV), and artificial tactile (AT) sensory technologies can be used to mimic humans’ compressive sensory functions of smell, look, and touch when making judgement of meat quality (freshness). Though individual E-Nose, CV, and AT sensory technologies have been used to detect the meat freshness, the detection results vary and are not reliable. In this paper, a new method has been proposed through the integration of E-Nose, CV, and AT sensory technologies for capturing comprehensive meat freshness parameters and the data fusion method for analysing the complicated data with different dimensions and units of six odour parameters of E-Nose, 9 colour parameters of CV, and 4 rubbery parameters of AT for effective meat freshness detection. The pork and chicken meats have been selected for a validation test. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) assays are used to define meat freshness as the standard criteria for validating the effectiveness of the proposed method. The principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) are used as unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition methods to analyse the source data and the fusion data of the three instruments, respectively. The experimental and data analysis results show that compared to a single technology, the fusion of E-Nose, CV, and AT technologies significantly improves the detection performance of various freshness meat products. In addition, partial least squares (PLS) is used to construct TVB-N value prediction models, in which the fusion data is input. The root mean square error predictions (RMSEP) for the sample pork and chicken meats are 1.21 and 0.98, respectively, in which the coefficient of determination () is 0.91 and 0.94. This means that the proposed method can be used to effectively detect meat freshness and the storage time (days)

The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in resident intruder paradigm-induced aggressive behaviors in mice

Background: Aggressive behaviors are one of the most important negative behaviors that seriously endangers human health. Also, the central para-inflammation of microglia triggered by stress can affect neurological function, plasticity, and behavior. NLRP3 integrates stress-related signals and is a key driver of this neural para-inflammation. However, it is unclear whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the development of aggressive behaviors.Methods: First, aggressive behavior model mice were established using the resident intruder paradigm. Then, aggressive behaviors were determined with open-field tests (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and aggressive behavior tests (AT). Moreover, the expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The levels of NLRP3 and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Finally, nerve plasticity damage was observed by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope, and BrdU staining.Results: Overall, the resident intruder paradigm induced aggressive behaviors, activated the hippocampal P2X7R and NLRP3 inflammasome, and promoted the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β in mice. Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown, administration of P2X7R antagonist (A804598), and IL-1β blocker (IL-1Ra) prevented NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory responses and ameliorated resident intruder paradigm-induced aggressive behaviors. Also, the resident intruder paradigm promoted the activation of mouse microglia, damaging synapses in the hippocampus, and suppressing hippocampal regeneration in mice. Besides, NLRP3 knockdown, administration of A804598, and IL-1Ra inhibited the activation of microglia, improved synaptic damage, and restored hippocampal regeneration.Conclusion: The NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory response contributed to resident intruder paradigm-induced aggressive behavior, which might be related to neuroplasticity. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome can be a potential target to treat aggressive behavior-related mental illnesses

Sea-skyline-based image stabilization of a buoy-mounted catadioptric omnidirectional vision system

Abstract Marine monitoring systems have the requirements of a large field of view, low power consumption, real-time viewing, and economical and automatic functionality. This paper establishes an omnidirectional vision system used in marine buoys that meets these requirements. We present a framework for image stabilization, which is achieved by omnidirectional sea-skyline detection in a marine environment. We propose an optimal edge estimation method to calculate the sea-skyline ellipsis according to the sea-skyline characteristics in panoramic images. We construct a compact panoramic image stabilization model based on the sea-skyline and propose a reconstruction method for the invalid regions using the key frame. The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed approach is capable of acquiring stable video in real-time marine monitoring tasks and that the target detection is sufficiently effective, efficient, and accurate for a real-time ship target detection application

Visual Tomography: Physically Faithful Volumetric Models of Partially Translucent Objects

When created faithfully from real-world data, Digital 3D representations of objects can be useful for human or computer-assisted analysis. Such models can also serve for generating training data for machine learning approaches in settings where data is difficult to obtain or where too few training data exists, e.g. by providing novel views or images in varying conditions. While the vast amount of visual 3D reconstruction approaches focus on non-physical models, textured object surfaces or shapes, in this contribution we propose a volumetric reconstruction approach that obtains a physical model including the interior of partially translucent objects such as plankton or insects. Our technique photographs the object under different poses in front of a bright white light source and computes absorption and scattering per voxel. It can be interpreted as visual tomography that we solve by inverse raytracing. We additionally suggest a method to convert non-physical NeRF media into a physically-based volumetric grid for initialization and illustrate the usefulness of the approach using two real-world plankton validation sets, the lab-scanned models being finally also relighted and virtually submerged in a scenario with augmented medium and illumination conditions. Please visit the project homepage at www.marine.informatik.uni-kiel.de/go/vit

MaCal – Macro Lens Calibration and the Focus Stack Camera Model

Macro photography is characterized by a very shallow depth of field, which challenges classical structure from motion and even camera calibration techniques, since images suffer from large defocussed areas. Computational photography methods such as focus stacking combine the sharp areas of many photos into one, which can produce spectacular images of insects or small structures. In this contribution we analyse the camera model to describe such focus stacked images in photogrammetry and computer vision and derive a camera calibration pipeline for macro photography to enable photogrammetry and 3D reconstruction of tiny objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on raytraced images with ground truth and real images

Calibration and rectification of vertically aligned binocular omnistereo vision systems

Abstract Omnidirectional stereo vision systems have been widely used as primary vision sensors in intelligent robot 3D measurement tasks, which require stereo calibration and rectification. Current stereo calibration and rectification methods suffer from complex calculations or a lack of accuracy. This paper establishes a simple and effective equivalency between an omnidirectional stereo vision system and a perspective vision system by studying stereo calibration and rectification methods. First, we improved the stereo calibration method. By applying the essential matrix, the complicated calibration process of the original method is simplified. By using a manual extraction method to extract corner points, noise error is eliminated and high precision is ensured. Second, we propose a new rectification method. By using the proposed simple rectification model and calibration data, the baseline length and an accurate column-aligned image pair are easily obtained, which reduces the computation time. The proposed stereo calibration and rectification method can simply and effectively obtain two key parameters of the triangulation formula for 3D measurement tasks: baseline length and parallax. Using real data captured by equipment, we performed experiments covering all the necessary stages to obtain a high-performance omnidirectional stereo vision system. Statistical analyses of the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Additional file 1: of Sea-skyline-based image stabilization of a buoy-mounted catadioptric omnidirectional vision system

Comparison of the results obtained before and after image stabilization. (MP4 7833 kb