In vitro conservation of native Chinese wild grape (Vitis heyneana Roem. & Schult) by slow growth culture

The aim of the present research work was to develop a protocol to preserve Chinese wild grape by slow growth conservation. Spectacular success was achieved in preserving shoot apices of Vitis heyneana under slow growth conditions. The optimized nutrient formulation to maintain slow growth of cultures was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media contained 5 g∙L-1 agar, 0.05 mg∙L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.1 mg∙L-1 indole acetic acid (IAA) and 0.5 mg∙L-1 abscisic acid (ABA). The best osmotic adjustment of nutrient medium was achieved by employing 10 g∙L-1 mannitol where 47.78 % cultures could be conserved up to 12 months without any subculture. Among different combination of air breathable film area (ABFA), light intensity and chlorocholine chloride (CCC) concentration, used for increasing the subculture period, 19.63 mm2 ABFA with 5.0 g∙L-1 CCC cultured under lower light intensity suited best for slow growth conservation with 48.00 % microplants were able to survive 10 months without subculture. Further tests showed that the CCC had a negative effect to grape conservation. Cultures responded better when incubated at 10 °C compared with the control (25 °C). Our study also found that the combination of factors were also more beneficial to grape conservation than that of a single factor. 100 % survived shoots by slow growth conservation could regenerate to normal plantlets and transplant successfully. Transplanting plantlets showed no obvious difference in morphology with the control and the maternal parent in the field.

Study on the Safety Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Test Roads Based on the Evaluation of Traffic Safety Facilities

More and more connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) open test roads reconstructed on the basis of traditional roads have appeared in China. However, the management policies vary, which makes the traffic environment complicated. This paper takes CAV test road safety management as the research aim and investigates the open test condition through the evaluation of the traffic safety facilities. Indicators were rigorously screened, then the game theory model was used to determine the combination weight of the indicators, and the set pair analysis was applied to solve the uncertain problems. A case study for the CAV test road network of a city in central China was implemented and the results show, regarding the traffic safety facilities’ condition, among the 20 sections of the city’s CAV test road network, 15% of which are at an excellent level, 75% of which are at a good level and 10% of which are at a moderate level; road signs, guardrail facilities, isolation facilities and road features are the main limiting factors affecting the level of traffic safety facilities. Based on the results, recommendations have been made for the transport management authorities in the aspects of safety management policy-making and facilities maintenance

Effects of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin on traumatic disseminated intravascular coagulation

Purpose: To explore the effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on traumatic disseminated  intravascular coagulation (DIC).Methods: A total of 77 cases of severe trauma (APACHE II score: 5 – 10) with DIC were collected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: LMWH treatment - 26 cases were subcutaneously injected with LMWH (75–150 units/kg/d); UFH treatment - 25 cases were subcutaneously  injected with UFH (100 – 250 units/kg/d); control - 26 cases supplemented with blood coagulation factor only. Daily mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospitalization time, bleeding rate, thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and levels of fibrinogen, antithrombin III (ATIII), and D-dimer were recorded and analyzed.Results: In ICU, LMWH and UFH treatments resulted in lower mortality than in the control group. In addition, hospitalization time was longer in patients treated with LMWH and UFH than in control patients. No significant  differences were found between LMWH-treated and control patients in terms of bleeding rate, but UFH-treated patients had lower bleeding rates than control patients. Multifactor analysis indicate a strong relationship between ATIII levels and bleeding rate.Conclusion: The results indicate that low-dose UFH and LMWH are effective options for the treatment of DIC.Keywords: Trauma, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Unfractionated heparin, Low-molecularweight heparin, Fibrinogen, Antithrombi

Policy Optimization with Stochastic Mirror Descent

Improving sample efficiency has been a longstanding goal in reinforcement learning. In this paper, we propose the $\mathtt{VRMPO}$: a sample efficient policy gradient method with stochastic mirror descent. A novel variance reduced policy gradient estimator is the key of $\mathtt{VRMPO}$ to improve sample efficiency. Our $\mathtt{VRMPO}$ needs only $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-3})$ sample trajectories to achieve an $\epsilon$-approximate first-order stationary point, which matches the best-known sample complexity. We conduct extensive experiments to show our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art policy gradient methods in various settings