12,173 research outputs found
isomiR2Function: An integrated workflow for identifying MicroRNA variants in plants
© 2017 Yang, Sablok, Qiao, Nie and Wen. In plants, post transcriptional regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular miRNAs (19-24 nt) has been involved in modulating the transcriptional landscape in developmental, biotic and abiotic interactions. In past few years, considerable focus has been leveraged on delineating and deciphering the role of miRNAs and their canonical isomiRs in plants. However, proper classification and accurate prediction of plant isomiRs taking into account the relative features by which we define isomiRs, such as templated or non-templated is still lacking. In the present research, we present isomiR2Function, a standalone easily deployable tool that allows for the robust and high-throughput discovery of templated and non-templated isomiRs. Additionally, isomiR2Function allows for identification of differentially expressed isomiRs and in parallel target prediction based on both transcripts or PARE-Seq either using Targetfinder or Cleaveland. isomiR2Function allows for the functional enrichment of the detected targets using TopGO package. Benchmarking of isomiR2Function revealed highly accurate prediction and classification of isomiRs as compared to the previously developed isomiR prediction tools. Additionally, the downstream implementation of additional features allows isomiR2Function to be classified as a single standalone tool for isomiR profiling from discovery to functional roles. All in all, isomiR2Function allows the streamline processing of the miRNA-seq for the identification and characterization of isomiRs with minimal efforts. isomiR2Function can be accessed through: https://gi thub.com/347033139/isomiR2Function
Topological quantum phase transition in an extended Kitaev spin model
We study the quantum phase transition between Abelian and non-Abelian phases
in an extended Kitaev spin model on the honeycomb lattice, where the periodic
boundary condition is applied by placing the lattice on a torus. Our analytical
results show that this spin model exhibits a continuous quantum phase
transition. Also, we reveal the relationship between bipartite entanglement and
the ground-state energy. Our approach directly shows that both the entanglement
and the ground-state energy can be used to characterize the topological quantum
phase transition in the extended Kitaev spin model.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 figure
Levinson's theorem for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in two dimensions
Levinson's theorem for the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with a cylindrically
symmetric potential in two dimensions is re-established by the Sturm-Liouville
theorem. The critical case, where the Schr\"{o}dinger equation has a finite
zero-energy solution, is analyzed in detail. It is shown that, in comparison
with Levinson's theorem in non-critical case, the half bound state for
wave, in which the wave function for the zero-energy solution does not decay
fast enough at infinity to be square integrable, will cause the phase shift of
wave at zero energy to increase an additional .Comment: Latex 11 pages, no figure and accepted by P.R.A (in August); Email:
[email protected], [email protected]
Implementing topological quantum manipulation with superconducting circuits
A two-component fermion model with conventional two-body interactions was
recently shown to have anyonic excitations. We here propose a scheme to
physically implement this model by transforming each chain of two two-component
fermions to the two capacitively coupled chains of superconducting devices. In
particular, we elaborate how to achieve the wanted operations to create and
manipulate the topological quantum states, providing an experimentally feasible
scenario to access the topological memory and to build the anyonic
interferometry.Comment: 4 pages with 3 figures; V2: published version with minor updation
Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference in a multi-anticrossing system
We propose a universal analytical method to study the dynamics of a
multi-anticrossing system subject to driving by one single large-amplitude
triangle pulse, within its time scales smaller than the dephasing time. Our
approach can explain the main features of the Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg
interference patterns recently observed in a tripartite system [Nature
Communications 1:51 (2010)]. In particular, we focus on the effects of the size
of anticrossings on interference and compare the calculated interference
patterns with numerical simulations. In addition, Fourier transform of the
patterns can extract information on the energy level spectrum.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Tropical forest restoration: Fast resilience of plant biomass contrasts with slow recovery of stable soil C stocks
Due to intensifying human disturbance, over half of the world's tropical forests are reforested or afforested secondary forests or plantations. Understanding the resilience of carbon (C) stocks in these forests, and estimating the extent to which they can provide equivalent carbon (C) sequestration and stabilization to the old growth forest they replace, is critical for the global C balance.
In this study, we combined estimates of biomass C stocks with a detailed assessment of soil C pools in bare land, Eucalyptus plantation, secondary forest and natural old-growth forest after over 50 years of forest restoration in a degraded tropical region of South China. We used isotope studies, density fractionation and physical fractionation to determine the age and stability of soil C pools at different soil depths.
After 52 years, the secondary forests had equivalent biomass C stocks to natural forest, whereas soil C stocks were still much higher in natural forest (97.42 t/ha) than in secondary forest (58.75 t/ha) or Eucalyptus plantation (38.99 t/ha) and lowest in bare land (19.9 t/ha). Analysis of δ13C values revealed that most of the C in the soil surface horizons in the secondary forest was new C, with a limited increase of more recalcitrant old C, and limited accumulation of C in deeper soil horizons. However, occlusion of C in microaggregates in the surface soil layer was similar across forested sites, which suggests that there is great potential for additional soil C sequestration and stabilization in the secondary forest and Eucalyptus plantation.
Collectively, our results demonstrate that reforestation on degraded tropical land can restore biomass C and surface soil C stocks within a few decades, but much longer recovery times are needed to restore recalcitrant C pools and C stocks at depth. Repeated harvesting and disturbance in rotation plantations had a substantial negative impact on the recovery of soil C stocks. We suggest that current calculations of soil C in secondary tropical forests (e.g. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) could overestimate soil C sequestration and stabilization levels in secondary forests and plantations
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