The influence of environmental variables on white shark (carcharodon carcharias) sightings at False Bay beaches.

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.In response to an increase in shark attacks in the Western Cape over the last decade, a shark warning system called Shark Spotters that records white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the surf zone was implemented in 2004 in Cape Town, South Africa

Constructing the Not-Me

English 220 with Janet Winsto

Bestimmungsgrößen der Frauenerwerbstätigkeit

Auf der Grundlage einer repräsentativen Umfrage bei 3120 Frauen zwischen 15 und 60 Jahren wird versucht, das Erwerbsverhalten der Frauen anhand einer Analyse der individuellen Verhaltens- und Vorstellungsmuster zu bestimmen. Den zentralen Bezugspunkt bildet das 'Drei-Phasen-Theorem' von Myrdal und Klein, dessen Ablaufschema, wie sich zeigt, bei weitem nicht das Mehrheitsverhalten der Frauen ausdrückt. Es lässt sich vielmehr feststellen, dass eine volle Rückkehr ins Berufsleben in der dritten Phase aus subjektiven Gründen und infolge objektiver Bedingungen in dem Masse erschwert wird, wie in früheren Phasen der Konnex zum Beruf über eine längere Periode hinweg unterbrochen wurde. Da die in der vorangegangenen Lebensphase dominierenden Verhaltens- und Orientierungsweisen erheblich die Verhaltensmuster der nächsten Phase präjudizieren, muss sich die Frage nach der Partizipation der Frau an der Berufssphäre - zumindest langfristig - mehr an einem Modell orientieren, das stärker auf die Kontinuität des Verhaltens bezogen ist. So müssten neben kurz- und mittelfristig wirksamen Maßnahmen, wie sie vielfach bisher schon vorgesehen sind, um den Konflikt zwischen häuslichen und beruflichen Pflichten zu mildern - z.B. Bau von Kindergärten, flexible Arbeitszeit, betriebliche Einarbeitungshilfen -, vor allem langfristig orientierte Maßnahmen treten, die den Frauen durch alle Phasen hindurch den Kontakt zum Berufsleben sichern. Dazu würden vor allem gehören ...: bei der Ausbildungswahl stärkere Rücksichtnahme auf die langfristige Verwertbarkeit einer Berufsqualifikation sowie ihrer Resistenzfähigkeit bei Unterbrechungsperioden; Eröffnung langfristiger Beschäftigungs- und Karrieremuster für Frauen, die explizit auch Zeiträume mit Teilzeit- oder nichtkontinuierlicher Beschäftigung vorsehen, die aber Perspektiven über diese hinaus eröffnen und so eine langfristigere Berufsorientierung nahelegen; Etablierung institutionalisierter Übergänge von Vollbeschäftigungsverhältnissen zu Teilzeit- und nichtkontinuierlicher Beschäftigung, die eine Umdefinition der beruflichen Rolle beim Übergang von der ersten zur zweiten Lebensphase ermöglichen, dabei aber einen Abbruch vermeiden; Änderung des Rollenverständnisses der Frau, wie es im Sozialisierungsprozess den Kindern (Jungen und Mädchen) vermittelt wird. (IAB

Single-Molecule Protein Dynamics At The Solid-Liquid Interface

The objective of this work was to increase understanding of protein dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces using single-molecule methods to improve immobilized enzyme technologies. First, we identified a unique, dynamic mechanism of protein unfolding at solid-liquid interfaces where folded protein efficiently explored the surface before encountering sparsely distributed, nanoscale surface features, upon which the enzyme rapidly unfolded. Notably, passivation of the intensity and frequency of these surface features by site blocking did not significantly hinder protein unfolding due to the efficiency of this interfacial search process. With this molecular understanding of protein unfolding, we sought the design of an enzyme immobilization strategy which both reduced surface heterogeneity and inhibited searching of the surface, which involved covalent attachment of enzymes to polymer brushes. Notably, significant activity retention was observed for an industrially important lipase upon immobilization, suggesting little to no surface induced unfolding occurred. Interestingly, we observed a significant difference in stability of this lipase at elevated temperatures immobilized on two commonly employed polymers in biologically interfacing materials. Single-molecule observations of folding dynamics explained the difference in elevated-temperature stability as a change in both the temperature dependence of folding and unfolding rate constants. Notably, this difference in stability between polymer supports was not observed with other similar lipases, indicating this behavior was enzyme specific. Lastly, we exerted control over the dynamics of immobilized lipase by increased the number of sites of attachment per enzyme. This reduced both folding dynamics and thermally driven fluctuations of the enzyme, which resulted in a tradeoff between immobilized enzyme stability and activity.</p

The Extreme Right in Spain. Surviving in the Shadow of Franco (1975-2014)

In this master thesis my aim is to investigate the extreme right in Spain after Franco, from 1975 to 2014. I will compare the three largest extreme right movements, FE de las JONS, CEDADE and Fuerza Nueva with the newly created coalition LEM. After almost 40 years of a national catholic dictatorship did Spain transform into a democracy in a couple of years. The importance of Franco s person and the lack of cooperation between the remaining Francoist secured the easy democratic transition. The Falangist tradition of José Antonio Primo de Rivera and Franco s regime have been of massive importance to the post-Franco extreme right in Spain. They claim to represent something new, but they are unable to escape the national catholic traditions of their predecessor

Dynamic classification using case-specific training cohorts outperforms static gene expression signatures in breast cancer

The molecular diversity of breast cancer makes it impossible to identify prognostic markers that are applicable to all breast cancers. To overcome limitations of previous multigene prognostic classifiers, we propose a new dynamic predictor: instead of using a single universal training cohort and an identical list of informative genes to predict the prognosis of new cases, a case-specific predictor is developed for each test case. Gene expression data from 3,534 breast cancers with clinical annotation including relapse-free survival is analyzed. For each test case, we select a case-specific training subset including only molecularly similar cases and a case-specific predictor is generated. This method yields different training sets and different predictors for each new patient. The model performance was assessed in leave-one-out validation and also in 325 independent cases. Prognostic discrimination was high for all cases (n = 3,534, HR = 3.68, p = 1.67 E-56). The dynamic predictor showed higher overall accuracy (0.68) than genomic surrogates for Oncotype DX (0.64), Genomic Grade Index (0.61) or MammaPrint (0.47). The dynamic predictor was also effective in triple-negative cancers (n = 427, HR = 3.08, p = 0.0093) where the above classifiers all failed. Validation in independent patients yielded similar classification power (HR = 3.57). The dynamic classifier is available online at http://www.recurrenceonline.com/?q=Re_training. In summary, we developed a new method to make personalized prognostic prediction using case-specific training cohorts. The dynamic predictors outperform static models developed from single historical training cohorts and they also predict well in triple-negative cancers