Mouse adenovirus type 1 infection of natural killer cell-deficient mice

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells contribute to the initial nonspecific response to viral infection, and viruses exhibit a range of sensitivities to NK cells in vivo. We investigated the role of NK cells in infection of mice by mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) using antibody-mediated depletion and knockout mice. MAV-1 causes encephalomyelitis and replicates to highest levels in brains. NK cell-depleted mice infected with MAV-1 showed brain viral loads 8–20 days p.i. that were similar to wild-type control non-depleted mice. Mice genetically deficient for NK cells behaved similarly to wild-type control mice with respect to brain viral loads and survival. We conclude that NK cells are not required to control virus replication in the brains of MAV-1-infected mice

Argumentação multimodal e inferências intersemióticas: um estudo semiolinguístico

The discourse emerges from the multisemiotic complexity that characterizes language and, for this reason, encompasses different dimensions in the investigation of discourses materialized in texts.  In this paper, based on Semiolinguistic Theory of Discourse, proposed by Charaudeau (2008; 2016; 2018), we intend to demonstrate that the argumentative dimension of a discourse can be engendered by the strategic use of different modalities, which we call multimodal argumentation. For this, using notions of internal centripetal inference and external centrifugal inference we analyze three media texts constituted by the compulsory association of word and image, namely: cartoon, comic and advertisement, in addition to discussing the relationship, apparently dissonant, between headline and photograph that figure in two news, subjectivity of the production instance in a predominantly informative genre. The analyses indicated that, through a specific cut of the social space, the subjects involved in the communicative exchanges integrate and correlate the multiple semioses in the processes of production and movements internal and external to the utterance.O discurso emerge da complexidade multissemiótica que caracteriza a linguagem e, por essa razão, engloba diferentes dimensões na investigação de discursos materializados em textos. Neste artigo, à luz dos pressupostos da Teoria Semiolinguística do Discurso, proposta por Patrick Charaudeau (2008; 2016; 2018), procuramos demonstrar que a dimensão argumentativa de um discurso pode ser engendrada pelo emprego estratégico de diferentes modalidades, a que chamamos de argumentação multimodal. Para isso, por meio das noções de inferência centrípeta interna e inferência centrífuga externa, analisamos três textos midiáticos constituídos pela associação compulsória de palavra e imagem, a saber: charge, tira e peça publicitária, além de discutirmos a relação, aparentemente dissonante, entre manchete e fotografia que figuram em duas notícias, revelando a subjetividade avaliativa da instância de produção em um gênero de caráter predominantemente informativo. As análises sinalizaram que, por meio de um recorte específico do espaço social, os sujeitos envolvidos nas trocas comunicativas integram e correlacionam as múltiplas semioses nos processos de produção e compreensão, sob os quais atuam movimentos inferenciais internos e externos ao enunciado

ANÁLISE SEMIOLINGUÍSTICA DO DISCURSO LITERÁRIO: PARTE DA HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL SOB O OLHAR DE UM CRONISTA MINEIRO

O presente artigo procura apresentar uma análise semiolinguística da crônica História do Brasil, de autoria do escritor mineiro Paulo Mendes Campos. A análise foi realizada a partir dos postulados teóricos e metodológicos da Teoria Semiolinguística do Discurso, de Patrick Charaudeau (2012), bem como a partir de determinados conceitos advindos da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional. Ao longo da análise, demonstramos como o sujeito enunciador empresta sua voz ao Criador, o deus judaico-cristão, em um processo interdiscursivo entre o texto literário, religioso e histórico que narra breve e criticamente a história do Brasil. Nesse processo, diversos sentidos podem ser desvelados do texto que, mesmo produzido há tantas décadas, ainda permanece atual. Sob o prisma da esfera literária, o texto de Paulo Mendes Campos mostra-se atemporal e faz o leitor mergulhar criticamente nos eventos históricos que retratam a alienação do brasileiro desde a colonização

Calibrating a network meta-analysis of diabetes trials of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to a representative routine population : a systematic review protocol

Introduction: Participants in randomised controlled trials (trials) are generally younger and healthier than many individuals encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, the applicability of trial findings is often uncertain. To address this, results from trials can be calibrated to more representative data sources. In a network meta-analysis, using a novel approach which allows the inclusion of trials whether or not individual-level participant data (IPD) is available, we will calibrate trials for three drug classes (sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors) to the Scottish diabetes register. Methods and analysis: Medline and EMBASE databases, the US clinical trials registry (clinicaltrials.gov) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (chictr.org.cn) will be searched from 1 January 2002. Two independent reviewers will apply eligibility criteria to identify trials for inclusion. Included trials will be phase 3 or 4 trials of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor analogues or DPP4 inhibitors, with placebo or active comparators, in participants with type 2 diabetes, with at least one of glycaemic control, change in body weight or major adverse cardiovascular event as outcomes. Unregistered trials will be excluded. We have identified a target population from the population-based Scottish diabetes register. The chosen cohort comprises people in Scotland with type 2 diabetes who either (1) require further treatment due to poor glycaemic control where any of the three drug classes may be suitable, or (2) who have adequate glycaemic control but are already on one of the three drug classes of interest or insulin. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval for IPD use was obtained from the University of Glasgow MVLS College Ethics Committee (Project: 200160070). The Scottish diabetes register has approval from the Scottish A Research Ethics Committee (11/AL/0225) and operates with Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care approval (1617-0147). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020184174

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead