Reply to the comment on 'Validity of certain soft photon amplitudes'

We respond to the accompanying Comment on our paper, 'Validity of certain soft photon amplitudes'. While we hope the discussion here clarifies the issues, we have found nothing which leads to a change in the original conclusions of our paper.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, uses ReVTeX, now publishe

Using an identity lens : constructive working with children in the criminal justice system

Research has shown that identity, and how you feel about yourself, can be key to moving forward with life and away from crime. Working with the University of Salford, Youth Offending Teams and supported by the Barrow Cadbury Trust, this resource has been developed to promote a constructive, identity-focused approach to ultimately help divert children away from progressing further through the criminal justice system. Using the principles of the Nacro-led Beyond Youth Custody programme, this toolkit outlines how these can be applied to working with children before custody to support them towards positive outcomes and prevent further offending

Home Care Nurses and Home Care Patients: Differences in Perceptions of Nurse Caring Behaviors

Caring has been identified as the essence of nursing. Leininger (1988b, p. 3) even stated that caring is nursing and nursing is caring. Caring has been studied from many different perspectives. Throughout the history of nursing the caring aspect has grown from a primarily caregiver role, to having a caring intersubjective relationship with the patient. Various studies have been conducted to try and identify which nursing behaviors make patients feel cared for. The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: (a) to determine what were the most important nurse caring behaviors as perceived by both home care nurses and patients; and (b) to determine if there was a difference between the perceptions of nurses and patients regarding the most important nurse caring behaviors. A scaled questionnaire format of Larson\u27s CARE-Q was utilized for this study. Demographic data was also collected on all participants. The subjects included 61 home care nurses and 52 home care patients. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. The results of this study indicated that both nurses and patients included both expressive and instrumental behaviors as most important. Nurses reported an expressive behavior, listens to the patient, as the most important behavior while patients reported an instrumental behavior, knows when to call the doctor, as most important. Within the top 10 most important nurse caring behaviors nurses (70%) and patients (80%) listed mostly expressive types of behaviors. Between the top 10 nurse caring behaviors for nurses and patients there were six behaviors common to both groups. Both nurses and patients ranked the category of monitors and follows through as the most important. Nurses and patients also shared seven of the ten (70%) least important nurse caring behaviors. Conclusions based on these results and recommendations for further research were suggested

A study of programs designed to stimulate students\u27 independent reading

The purpose of this study was to determine what types of programs designed to stimulate students\u27 independent reading were being utilized or had been utilized in the past five years in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This descriptive study examined how such programs were selected, implemented, and evaluated plus business involvement and incentives.;The sample consisted of 102 or 77% of the 132 school divisions whose superintendents had an original and confidential survey completed and returned.;of the 367 programs, Pizza Hut\u27s accounted for 87% and SSR for 78%. A literature search or a professional journal influenced the selection of 34%. Businesses were involved in 43%. Some type of curriculum document was utilized in 50%. There were 489 incentives used. Informal evaluation was done for 86%. Only 34 programs were discontinued chiefly because of administration or teacher discontent. Programs continued mainly because they encouraged reading or children liked them

Our hybrid history and its action points for today

Discusses the hybrid catalogue, highlighting that it has always been with us, and considers what can be learned from previous implementations of new international cataloguing standards in the Anglo-American tradition

Plasticity of T Cell Memory Responses to Viruses

AbstractVirus-specific memory T cell populations demonstrate plasticity in antigenic and functional phenotype, in recognition of antigen, and in their ability to accommodate new memory T cell populations. The adaptability of complex antigen-specific T cell repertoires allows the host to respond to a diverse array of pathogens and accommodate memory pools to many pathogens in a finite immune system. This is in part accounted for by crossreactive memory T cells, which can be employed in immune responses and mediate protective immunity or life-threatening immunopathology

Comment on ``Validity of certain soft-photon amplitudes''

The criteria suggested by Welsh and Fearing (nucl-th/9606040) to judge the validity of certain soft-photon amplitudes are examined. We comment on aspects of their analysis which lead to incorrect conclusions about published amplitudes and point out important criteria which were omitted from their analysis.Comment: 6 pages plus 1 postscript figure, Revte

Analysis of complete positivity conditions for quantum qutrit channels

We present an analysis of complete positivity (CP) constraints on qutrit quantum channels that have a form of affine transformations of generalized Bloch vector. For diagonal (damping) channels we derive conditions analogous to the ones that in qubit case produce tetrahedron structure in the channel parameter space.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures (.eps), minor changes in the text and formula

Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced target cell DNA fragmentation, but not lysis, by inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases I and II

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) kill their target cells via a contact-dependent mechanism that results in the perturbation of the target cell\u27s plasma membrane and the fragmentation of the target cell\u27s DNA into nucleosomal particles. The membrane disruption is presumed to be due to the action of perforin, while the DNA fragmentation is thought to be by the activation of an endogenous nuclease(s). DNA topoisomerases I and II are nuclear enzymes with inherent endonuclease activities. We have investigated their role in the CTL-induced DNA fragmentation process. We report that in CTL killing assays, the treatment of target cells with topoisomerase I and II inhibitors blocks the CTL-induced DNA fragmentation process, but not the lysis of the target cell