A Syllabus Adapted to the Teaching of English in the Eleventh Grade at Charlton-Pollard High School

This course aims to make the study of representative selections of prose and poetry in the English course for the eleventh grade in Charlton-Pollard High School, Beaumont, Texas more intelligible to the student. Merely telling a student to take certain selections leaves him at sea regarding what to look for or to think about. The result is a careless or mechanical perusal of the assignment, with no distinct impression of its meaning or appeal. As a means of focusing attention and stimulating thought in reading, nothing is so valuable an aid to young persons as suggestive questions. It is the writer\u27s intention that this course serve as a nucleus around which the teacher might arrange her own material. The questions are intended to be stimulating rather than exhaustive. They leave much that may be developed in the recitation by both student and teacher. The general objectives of this course, including English and English literature, are to help pupils acquire the habit of using clear, correct, and forceful expression in both oral and written composition; to discover and develop special creative abilities; to teach the pupils to learn to read rapidly and understandingly ordinary English material; to help them develop a sense of discrimination between good and bad reading and to develop enjoyment of the good; and lastly, through reading, to attain higher ethical standards, to gain a better understanding of the world, and to have a broader outlook on life. The course is broad enough to take care of the pupils having superior intelligence. In the case of the retarded children, certain parts may be omitted. The slow pupils will do the same quality of work, but not the same quantity. If the teacher wishes additional she may find means of securing same in the bibliography. This course allows for projects and ample pupil participation

Cr RLK 1L receptor‐like kinases HERK 1 and ANJEA are female determinants of pollen tube reception

Communication between the gametophytes is vital for angiosperm fertilisation. Multiple CrRLK1L‐type receptor kinases prevent premature pollen tube burst, while another CrRLK1L protein, FERONIA (FER), is required for pollen tube reception in the female gametophyte. We report here the identification of two additional CrRLK1L homologues, HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (HERK1) and ANJEA (ANJ), which act redundantly to promote pollen tube growth arrest at the synergid cells. HERK1 and ANJ localise to the filiform apparatus of the synergid cells in unfertilised ovules, and in herk1 anj mutants, a majority of ovules remain unfertilised due to pollen tube overgrowth, together indicating that HERK1 and ANJ act as female determinants for fertilisation. As in fer mutants, the synergid cell‐specific, endomembrane protein NORTIA (NTA) is not relocalised after pollen tube reception; however, unlike fer mutants, reactive oxygen species levels are unaffected in herk1 anj double mutants. Both ANJ and HERK1 associate with FER and its proposed co‐receptor LORELEI (LRE) in planta. Together, our data indicate that HERK1 and ANJ act with FER to mediate female–male gametophyte interactions during plant fertilisation

Genomic reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England

AbstractThe evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus leads to new variants that warrant timely epidemiological characterization. Here we use the dense genomic surveillance data generated by the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium to reconstruct the dynamics of 71 different lineages in each of 315 English local authorities between September 2020 and June 2021. This analysis reveals a series of subepidemics that peaked in early autumn 2020, followed by a jump in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7/Alpha lineage. The Alpha variant grew when other lineages declined during the second national lockdown and regionally tiered restrictions between November and December 2020. A third more stringent national lockdown suppressed the Alpha variant and eliminated nearly all other lineages in early 2021. Yet a series of variants (most of which contained the spike E484K mutation) defied these trends and persisted at moderately increasing proportions. However, by accounting for sustained introductions, we found that the transmissibility of these variants is unlikely to have exceeded the transmissibility of the Alpha variant. Finally, B.1.617.2/Delta was repeatedly introduced in England and grew rapidly in early summer 2021, constituting approximately 98% of sampled SARS-CoV-2 genomes on 26 June 2021.</jats:p