Bessere Bedingungen für Teilzeitarbeit: damit Familienangehörige Pflege übernehmen können : noch lassen sich Beruf und Altenbetreuung nur schwer vereinbaren

Aus familienpolitischer Sicht war die arbeitsrechtliche Diskussion der vergangenen Jahre von der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie geprägt. Aber auch eine bessere Kinderbetreuung, beispielsweise in Krippen, hält die vorhergesagte demografische Entwicklung nicht auf. Im Jahr 2050 werden auf 100 Personen im erwerbsfähigen Alter zirka 75 Personen über 60 Jahre kommen, so die Schätzungen. Und schon im Jahre 2020 wird der Anteil der unter 20-Jährigen an der deutschen Bevölkerung wohl nur noch zirka 17 Prozent betragen; Deutschland wird europaweit das Land mit den wenigsten jungen Menschen sein. Damit wird ein anderes Problem immer drängender: Wer betreut und versorgt die alten Menschen? Mit der Zahl der Pflegebedürftigen wird zugleich auch die Zahl derjenigen – zumeist Frauen – steigen, die ihre Berufstätigkeit einschränken oder sogar aufgeben müssen. Doch wie lassen sich Beruf und Altenbetreuung vereinbaren

Divergence of the isospin-asymmetry expansion of the nuclear equation of state in many-body perturbation theory

The isospin-asymmetry dependence of the nuclear matter equation of state obtained from microscopic chiral two- and three-body interactions in second-order many-body perturbation theory is examined in detail. The quadratic, quartic and sextic coefficients in the Maclaurin expansion of the free energy per particle of infinite homogeneous nuclear matter with respect to the isospin asymmetry are extracted numerically using finite differences, and the resulting polynomial isospin-asymmetry parametrizations are compared to the full isospin-asymmetry dependence of the free energy. It is found that in the low-temperature and high-density regime where the radius of convergence of the expansion is generically zero, the inclusion of higher-order terms beyond the leading quadratic approximation leads overall to a significantly poorer description of the isospin-asymmetry dependence. In contrast, at high temperatures and densities well below nuclear saturation density, the interaction contributions to the higher-order coefficients are negligible and the deviations from the quadratic approximation are predominantly from the noninteracting term in the many-body perturbation series. Furthermore, we extract the leading logarithmic term in the isospin-asymmetry expansion of the equation of state at zero temperature from the analysis of linear combinations of finite differences. It is shown that the logarithmic term leads to a considerably improved description of the isospin-asymmetry dependence at zero temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, some minor changes, references updated, matches published versio

Nuclear thermodynamics from chiral low-momentum interactions

We investigate the thermodynamic equation of state of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter with microscopic nuclear forces derived within the framework of chiral effective field theory. Two- and three-body nuclear interactions constructed at low resolution scales form the basis for a perturbative calculation of the finite-temperature equation of state. The nuclear force models and many-body methods are benchmarked against bulk properties of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter at zero temperature, which are found to be well reproduced when chiral nuclear interactions constructed at the lowest resolution scales are employed. The calculations are then extended to finite temperatures, where we focus on the liquid-gas phase transition and the associated critical point. The Maxwell construction is applied to construct the physical equation of state, and the value of the critical temperature is determined to be T_c =17.2-19.1 MeV, in good agreement with the value extracted from multifragmentation reactions of heavy ions.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. v3 matches published versio

Effective field theory for dilute Fermi systems at fourth order

We discuss high-order calculations in perturbative effective field theory for fermions at low energy scales. The Fermi-momentum or kFas expansion for the ground-state energy of the dilute Fermi gas is calculated to fourth order, both in cutoff regularization and in dimensional regularization. For the case of spin one-half fermions we find from a Bayesian analysis that the expansion is well converged at this order for |kFas|≲0.5. Furthermore, we show that Padé-Borel resummations can improve the convergence for |kFas|≲1. Our results provide important constraints for nonperturbative calculations of ultracold atoms and dilute neutron matter

Constrained extrapolation problem and order-dependent mappings

We consider the problem of extrapolating the perturbation series for the dilute Fermi gas in three dimensions to the unitary limit of infinite scattering length and into the BEC region, using the available strong-coupling information to constrain the extrapolation problem. In this constrained extrapolation problem (CEP) the goal is to find classes of approximants that give well converged results already for low perturbative truncation orders. First, we show that standard Padé and Borel methods are too restrictive to give satisfactory results for this CEP. A generalization of Borel extrapolation is given by the so-called Maximum Entropy extrapolation method (MaxEnt). However, we show that MaxEnt requires extensive elaborations to be applicable to the dilute Fermi gas and is thus not practical for the CEP in this case. Instead, we propose order-dependent-mapping extrapolation (ODME) as a simple, practical, and general method for the CEP. We find that the ODME approximants for the ground-state energy of the dilute Fermi gas are robust with respect to changes of the mapping choice and agree with results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations within uncertainties

Neutron matter at finite temperature based on chiral effective field theory interactions

We study the equation of state of neutron matter at finite temperature based on two- and three-nucleon interactions derived within chiral effective field theory to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. The free energy, pressure, entropy, and internal energy are calculated using many-body perturbation theory including terms up to third order around the self-consistent Hartree-Fock solution. We include contributions from three-nucleon interactions without employing the normal-ordering approximation and provide theoretical uncertainty estimates based on an order-by-order analysis in the chiral expansion. Our results demonstrate that thermal effects can be captured remarkably well via a thermal index and a density-dependent effective mass. The presented framework provides the basis for studying the dense matter equation of state at general temperatures and proton fractions relevant for core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers