Dephasing mechanisms of optical transitions in rare-earth-doped transparent ceramics

We identify and analyze dephasing mechanisms that broaden the optical transitions of rare-earth ions in randomly oriented transparent ceramics. The study examines the narrow F_0^7 ↔ D_0^5 transition of Eu^(3+) dopants in a series of Y_2O_3 ceramic samples prepared under varying conditions. We characterize the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the homogeneous linewidth, as well as long-term spectral diffusion on time scales up to 1 s. The results highlight significant differences between samples with differing thermal treatments and Zr^(4+) additive concentrations. In particular, several distinct magnetic interactions from defect centers are observed, which are clearly distinguished from the broadening due to interactions with two-level systems and phonons. By minimizing the broadening due to the different defect centers, linewidths of the order of 4 kHz are achieved for all samples. The linewidths are limited by temperature-dependent interactions and by an interaction that is yet to be identified. Although the homogeneous linewidth can be narrowed further in these ceramic samples, the broadening is now comparable to the linewidths achieved in rare-earth-ion–doped single crystals. Thus, this work emphasizes the usefulness of studying ceramics to gain insights into dephasing mechanisms relevant to single crystals and suggests that ceramics may be an interesting alternative for applications in classical and quantum information processing

Hybrid III-V diamond photonic platform for quantum nodes based on neutral silicon vacancy centers in diamond

Integrating atomic quantum memories based on color centers in diamond with on-chip photonic devices would enable entanglement distribution over long distances. However, efforts towards integration have been challenging because color centers can be highly sensitive to their environment, and their properties degrade in nanofabricated structures. Here, we describe a heterogeneously integrated, on-chip, III-V diamond platform designed for neutral silicon vacancy (SiV0) centers in diamond that circumvents the need for etching the diamond substrate. Through evanescent coupling to SiV0 centers near the surface of diamond, the platform will enable Purcell enhancement of SiV0 emission and efficient frequency conversion to the telecommunication C-band. The proposed structures can be realized with readily available fabrication techniques

Dephasing mechanisms of optical transitions in rare-earth-doped transparent ceramics

We identify and analyze dephasing mechanisms that broaden the optical transitions of rare-earth ions in randomly oriented transparent ceramics. The study examines the narrow F_0^7 ↔ D_0^5 transition of Eu^(3+) dopants in a series of Y_2O_3 ceramic samples prepared under varying conditions. We characterize the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the homogeneous linewidth, as well as long-term spectral diffusion on time scales up to 1 s. The results highlight significant differences between samples with differing thermal treatments and Zr^(4+) additive concentrations. In particular, several distinct magnetic interactions from defect centers are observed, which are clearly distinguished from the broadening due to interactions with two-level systems and phonons. By minimizing the broadening due to the different defect centers, linewidths of the order of 4 kHz are achieved for all samples. The linewidths are limited by temperature-dependent interactions and by an interaction that is yet to be identified. Although the homogeneous linewidth can be narrowed further in these ceramic samples, the broadening is now comparable to the linewidths achieved in rare-earth-ion–doped single crystals. Thus, this work emphasizes the usefulness of studying ceramics to gain insights into dephasing mechanisms relevant to single crystals and suggests that ceramics may be an interesting alternative for applications in classical and quantum information processing

Narrow optical linewidths in erbium implanted in TiO2_2

Atomic and atom-like defects in the solid-state are widely explored for quantum computers, networks and sensors. Rare earth ions are an attractive class of atomic defects that feature narrow spin and optical transitions that are isolated from the host crystal, allowing incorporation into a wide range of materials. However, the realization of long electronic spin coherence times is hampered by magnetic noise from abundant nuclear spins in the most widely studied host crystals. Here, we demonstrate that Er$^{3+}$ ions can be introduced via ion implantation into TiO$_2$, a host crystal that has not been studied extensively for rare earth ions and has a low natural abundance of nuclear spins. We observe efficient incorporation of the implanted Er$^{3+}$ into the Ti$^{4+}$ site (40% yield), and measure narrow inhomogeneous spin and optical linewidths (20 and 460 MHz, respectively) that are comparable to bulk-doped crystalline hosts for Er$^{3+}$. This work demonstrates that ion implantation is a viable path to studying rare earth ions in new hosts, and is a significant step towards realizing individually addressed rare earth ions with long spin coherence times for quantum technologies

Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime

Rare-earth doped crystals have long coherence times and the potential to provide quantum interfaces between microwave and optical photons. Such applications benefit from a high cooperativity between the spin ensemble and a microwave cavity -- this motivates an increase in the rare earth ion concentration which in turn impacts the spin coherence lifetime. We measure spin dynamics of two rare-earth spin species, $^{145}$Nd and Yb doped into Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$, coupled to a planar microwave resonator in the high cooperativity regime, in the temperature range 1.2 K to 14 mK. We identify relevant decoherence mechanisms including instantaneous diffusion arising from resonant spins and temperature-dependent spectral diffusion from impurity electron and nuclear spins in the environment. We explore two methods to mitigate the effects of spectral diffusion in the Yb system in the low-temperature limit, first, using magnetic fields of up to 1 T to suppress impurity spin dynamics and, second, using transitions with low effective g-factors to reduce sensitivity to such dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate how the `clock transition' present in the $^{171}$Yb system at zero field can be used to increase coherence times up to $T_{2} = 6(1)$ ms.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Propriétés optiques et magnétiques de cristaux dopés par des terres rares paramagnétiques pour les technologies quantiques

Significant progresses have been made recently on radar communications. However it is still difficult to analyse radar communications both efficiently and on a large frequency span. This is due to the fact that pure electronic processors are not able to process rapidly signals with high bandwidths. A very promising solution consists in transposing radar signals on a optical carrier (laser) and process the signals via rare-earths-doped single-crystals, which are able to interact efficiently with light. Rare-earth-ion doped crystals can have very narrow optical transitions at liquid helium temperature, making them attractive for applications in quantum information processing and advanced RF signal processing. One key property of these materials is the potential for a high ratio between the optical inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidths. This allows signals with high bandwidth to be stored in quantum memories for a long time, or alternatively, the high resolution spectral analysis of RF signals. Er3+ is particularly interesting because it has a transition at 1.5 mm that is directly compatible with telecommunication components in existing optical fiber networks. The aim of the project is to enhance the bandwidths of those atomic processors by introducing a chemical disorder in the single crystals doped with Er3+. This will lead to an inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions and could also reduce the optical homogeneous linewidths, and so, increase the processing bandwidth for radar signals. For that, a better understanding of the nature of the dynamical processes acting on the optical homogeneous linewidth is needed.Le développement considérable des signaux dans les bandes hyperfréquences (communications sans fil, radars, etc.) rend leur traitement extrêmement difficile. Il est en effet nécessaire d'analyser de larges bandes spectrales avec une grande résolution, ce que ne permettent pas les dispositifs purement électroniques. Une solution très prometteuse consiste à transposer les signaux hyperfréquences (hf) sur un laser puis à utiliser un cristal dopé par des ions de terres rares comme processeur. Cette technique tire parti des propriétés optiques exceptionnelles des ces matériaux, qui présentent des transitions à la fois extrêmement fines pour un centre unique (largeur homogène donnant la résolution spectrale) et larges pour un ensemble d'ions (largeur inhomogène donnant la bande d'analyse). Grâce à des techniques de pompage optique, ceci permet d'obtenir des bandes d'analyse de 20 GHz avec une résolution de 100 kHz, soit un rapport de 105. Ces résultats, obtenus dans des cristaux de Tm3+:Y3Al5O12, font l'objet d'études industrielles avancées, notamment en France par Thales, et auxquelles participe l'IRCP-MPOE. Le but du projet est de développer des cristaux dopés Er3+ pour une nouvelle génération d'analyseurs fonctionnant à 1.5 μm dans le but d'exploiter pleinement les technologies télécom en terme de transmission longue distance et de composants opto-électroniques. Les meilleurs cristaux actuels ne possèdent pas une largeur inhomogène suffisante pour l'application visée. Notre approche consistera à introduire un désordre chimique contrôlé, par exemple en utilisant un co-dopant, dans des monocristaux dopés Er3+ de haute qualité. Ceci permettra d'augmenter la largeur inhomogène optique mais pourrait aussi influencer la largeur homogène, point crucial pour l'analyse des signaux hf. Il s'agira de déterminer la nature et le niveau de désordre optimaux permettant d'obtenir les meilleures performances. D'une façon plus générale, ce travail permettra une compréhension approfondie des phénomènes dynamiques contrôlant la largeur homogène optique et de leur relation avec les structures cristallines. Outre l'analyse de signaux hyperfréquences, ceci pourra déboucher sur des avancées dans le traitement quantique de l'information dans le domaine télécom

Optical and magnetic properties of paramagnetic-rare-earth-doped single crystals for quantum technologies

Le développement considérable des signaux dans les bandes hyperfréquences (communications sans fil, radars, etc.) rend leur traitement extrêmement difficile. Il est en effet nécessaire d'analyser de larges bandes spectrales avec une grande résolution, ce que ne permettent pas les dispositifs purement électroniques. Une solution très prometteuse consiste à transposer les signaux hyperfréquences (hf) sur un laser puis à utiliser un cristal dopé par des ions de terres rares comme processeur. Cette technique tire parti des propriétés optiques exceptionnelles des ces matériaux, qui présentent des transitions à la fois extrêmement fines pour un centre unique (largeur homogène donnant la résolution spectrale) et larges pour un ensemble d'ions (largeur inhomogène donnant la bande d'analyse). Grâce à des techniques de pompage optique, ceci permet d'obtenir des bandes d'analyse de 20 GHz avec une résolution de 100 kHz, soit un rapport de 105. Ces résultats, obtenus dans des cristaux de Tm3+:Y3Al5O12, font l'objet d'études industrielles avancées, notamment en France par Thales, et auxquelles participe l'IRCP-MPOE. Le but du projet est de développer des cristaux dopés Er3+ pour une nouvelle génération d'analyseurs fonctionnant à 1.5 μm dans le but d'exploiter pleinement les technologies télécom en terme de transmission longue distance et de composants opto-électroniques. Les meilleurs cristaux actuels ne possèdent pas une largeur inhomogène suffisante pour l'application visée. Notre approche consistera à introduire un désordre chimique contrôlé, par exemple en utilisant un co-dopant, dans des monocristaux dopés Er3+ de haute qualité. Ceci permettra d'augmenter la largeur inhomogène optique mais pourrait aussi influencer la largeur homogène, point crucial pour l'analyse des signaux hf. Il s'agira de déterminer la nature et le niveau de désordre optimaux permettant d'obtenir les meilleures performances. D'une façon plus générale, ce travail permettra une compréhension approfondie des phénomènes dynamiques contrôlant la largeur homogène optique et de leur relation avec les structures cristallines. Outre l'analyse de signaux hyperfréquences, ceci pourra déboucher sur des avancées dans le traitement quantique de l'information dans le domaine télécom.Significant progresses have been made recently on radar communications. However it is still difficult to analyse radar communications both efficiently and on a large frequency span. This is due to the fact that pure electronic processors are not able to process rapidly signals with high bandwidths. A very promising solution consists in transposing radar signals on a optical carrier (laser) and process the signals via rare-earths-doped single-crystals, which are able to interact efficiently with light. Rare-earth-ion doped crystals can have very narrow optical transitions at liquid helium temperature, making them attractive for applications in quantum information processing and advanced RF signal processing. One key property of these materials is the potential for a high ratio between the optical inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidths. This allows signals with high bandwidth to be stored in quantum memories for a long time, or alternatively, the high resolution spectral analysis of RF signals. Er3+ is particularly interesting because it has a transition at 1.5 mm that is directly compatible with telecommunication components in existing optical fiber networks. The aim of the project is to enhance the bandwidths of those atomic processors by introducing a chemical disorder in the single crystals doped with Er3+. This will lead to an inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions and could also reduce the optical homogeneous linewidths, and so, increase the processing bandwidth for radar signals. For that, a better understanding of the nature of the dynamical processes acting on the optical homogeneous linewidth is needed