Charmonia photo-production in ultra-peripheral and peripheral PbPb collisions with LHCb

The LHCb recorded $\sim$ 210 $\mu b^{-1}$ integrated luminosity of PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV in 2018. With an increase of the luminosity by a factor of 20 compared to the previous 2015 PbPb dataset, precise measurements on photo-produced charmonia in ultra-peripheral collisions are now possible. Moreover, the great momentum resolution of the detector allows photo-produced $J/\psi$ in collisions with a nuclear overlap to be studied. This new type of probe is sensitive to the geometry of the collisions but also to the electromagnetic field of the Pb nuclei. In this contribution, we present the latest results on $J/\psi$ photo-production measured by LHCb in peripheral and ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, proceedings for low x coference 202

Quarkonia production in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at LHCb

Two analyses are reported in this contribution. The cross-section of coherent $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions is measured as a function of rapidity $y^*$ and $p_{\mathrm{T}}^*$, where the asterisk indicates that the variables are defined in the nucleus-nucleus center-of-mass frame. The photo-produced $J/\psi$ yields in peripheral PbPb collisions is measured as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and the number of participating nucleons, . The results of the analyses are compared to theoretical predictions

Development and tests of loop heat pipe with multi-layer metal foams as wick structure

A plate-type loop heat pipe (LHP) with multi-layer metal foams as wick structure was fabricated. In the LHP, the multi-layer metal foams and vapor channels with high depth-to-width ratios were integrated into a flat evaporator, which is beneficial for cycling the working fluid and enhancing the evaporation process. Subsequently, the operational parameters, such as the types of working fluid inventory, wick material and heat load with ethanol as the working fluid, were varied to investigate the effect on the heat transfer performance of LHP. The experimental results show that obvious three stages were observed in the start-up and running process of the LHP including the rising temperature stage, start-up stage and steady running stage. In the fluid inventory range of 20∼60 ml, it is found that 40 ml of ethanol was the optimized working fluid inventory for the designed LHP. Compared to the nickel foam, the LHP with multi-layer copper foams with wick structure showed better performance with different heat loads because of the higher thermal conductivity and smaller pore size

Decreased GLT-1 and increased SOD1 and HO-1 expression in astrocytes contribute to lumbar spinal cord vulnerability of SOD1-G93A transgenic mice

AbstractThe SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse is a widely used ALS model, but the death of lower motor neurons is the hallmark. Here, we show that the SOD1-G93A transgene and HO-1 are preferentially over-expressed in the lumbar spinal cord, particularly in the activated astrocytes of the transgenic mice. We also show down-regulation of GLT-1 in spite of the proliferating astrocytes. However, GLT-1, SOD1-G93A transgene and HO-1 expression were not obviously changed in the motor cortex. Our data link spinal cord vulnerability to relatively decreased expression of GLT-1, and high expression of the transgene and HO-1 in astrocytes in SOD1-G93A transgenic mice

Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Myelination, degeneration and regeneration are implicated in crucial responses to injury in the peripheral nervous system. Considering the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we used the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS to investigate the effects of mutant SOD1 on the peripheral nerves. Methods: Changes in peripheral nerve morphology were analyzed in SOD1 mutant mice at various stages of the disease by toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy (EM). Schwann cell proliferation and recruitment of inflammatory factors were detected by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR and were compared between SOD1 mutant mice and control mice. Furthermore, western blotting (WB) and TUNEL staining were used to investigate axonal damage and Schwann cell survival in the sciatic nerves of mice in both groups. Results: An analysis of the peripheral nervous system in SOD1-G93A mice revealed the following novel features: (i) Schwann cells and axons in mutant mice underwent changes that were similar to those seen in the control mice during the early development of peripheral nerves. (ii) The peripheral nerves of SOD1-G93A mice developed progressive neuropathy, which presented as defects in axons and myelin, leading to difficulty in walking and reduced locomotor capacity at a late stage of the disease. (iii) Macrophages were recruited and accumulated, and nerve injury and a deficit in the blood-nerve barrier were observed. (iv) Proliferation and the inflammatory micro-environment were inhibited, which impaired the regeneration and remyelination of axons after crush injury in the SOD1-G93A mice. Conclusions: The mutant human SOD1 protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of ALS and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury

DataSheet1_Herbal medicine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

Background: The effect of herbal medicine (HM) on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is controversial. Clinical trials investigating HMs continue; however, the use of HM is still questioned. We aimed to systematically review the literature pertaining to the effects and safety of HM in ALS.Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of HMs in ALS patients compared to any types of controls were identified. Nine databases and six registers were searched from their inception dates to 25 March 2022. Per the PRISMA guidelines, trials were identified and extracted. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane’s tool. Certainty of evidence was assessed as per the GRADE criteria. Forest plots were constructed to assess the effect size and corresponding 95% CIs using fixed-effect models, and random-effect models were employed when required. The primary outcome was the activity limitation measured by validated tools, such as the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale.Results: Twenty studies (N = 1,218) were eligible. Of these, only five studies were double-blinded, and two were placebo-controlled. Fourteen HMs (fifty-one single botanicals) were involved; Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were commonly used in nine, eight, and six trials, respectively. For delaying activity limitation, Jiweiling injection (MD, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.21 to 4.46; p = 0.0006) and Shenmai injection (SMD, 1.07; 0.69 to 1.45; p Conclusion: Very low to low quality of evidence suggests that HMs seem to produce superior treatment responses for ALS without increased risk of adverse events. Additional studies with homogeneous participants, reduced methodological issues, and more efficient outcome measures are required to provide confirmatory evidence.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021277443.</p

Therapeutic efficacy of a MMAE-based anti-DR5 drug conjugate Oba01 in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most aggressive malignancies associated with a 5-year survival rate of <9%, and the treatment options remain limited. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of anticancer agents with superior efficacy and safety profiles. We studied the antitumor activity of Oba01 ADC and the mechanism underlying the targeting of death receptor 5 (DR5) in preclinical PC models. Our data revealed that DR5 was highly expressed on the plasma membrane of PC cells and Oba01 showed potent in vitro antitumor activity in a panel of human DR5-positive PC cell lines. DR5 was readily cleaved by lysosomal proteases after receptor-mediated internalization. Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was then released into the cytosol to induce G2/M-phase growth arrest, cell death via apoptosis induction, and the bystander effect. Furthermore, Oba01 mediated cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. For improved potency, we investigated the synergetic effect of Oba01 in combination with approved drugs. Oba01 combined with gemcitabine showed better antiproliferative activity than either standalone treatment. In cell- and patient-derived xenografts, Oba01 showed excellent tumoricidal activity in mono- or combinational therapy. Thus, Oba01 may provide a novel biotherapeutic approach and a scientific basis for clinical trials in DR5-expressing patients with PC