Tabulation and summary of thermodynamic effects data for developed cavitation on ogive-nosed bodies

Thermodynamic effects data for developed cavitation on zero and quarter caliber ogives in Freon 113 and water are tabulated and summarized. These data include temperature depression (delta T), flow coefficient (C sub Q), and various geometrical characteristics of the cavity. For the delta T tests, the free-stream temperature varied from 35 C to 95 C in Freon 113 and from 60 C to 125 C in water for a velocity range of 19.5 m/sec to 36.6 m/sec. Two correlations of the delta T data by the entrainment method are presented. These correlations involve different combinations of the Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber, and Peclet numbers and dimensionless cavity length

Correlations by the entrainment theory of thermodynamic effects for developed cavitation in venturis and comparisons with ogive data

A semi-empirical entrainment theory was employed to correlate the measured temperature depression, Delta T, in a developed cavity for a venturi. This theory correlates Delta t in terms of the dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber and Peclet, and dimensionless cavity length, L/D. These correlations are then compared with similar correlations for zero and quarter caliber ogives. In addition, cavitation number data for both limited and developed cavitation in venturis are presented

Behavioral Phenotyping of Juvenile Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for Preclinical Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The laboratory rat is emerging as an attractive preclinical animal model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), allowing investigators to explore genetic, environmental and pharmacological manipulations in a species exhibiting complex, reciprocal social behavior. The present study was carried out to compare two commonly used strains of laboratory rats, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE), between the ages of postnatal day (PND) 26-56 using high-throughput behavioral phenotyping tools commonly used in mouse models of ASD that we have adapted for use in rats. We detected few differences between young SD and LE strains on standard assays of exploration, sensorimotor gating, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, and learning. Both SD and LE strains also demonstrated sociability in the 3-chamber social approach test as indexed by spending more time in the social chamber with a constrained age/strain/sex matched novel partner than in an identical chamber without a partner. Pronounced differences between the two strains were, however, detected when the rats were allowed to freely interact with a novel partner in the social dyad paradigm. The SD rats in this particular testing paradigm engaged in play more frequently and for longer durations than the LE rats at both juvenile and young adult developmental time points. Results from this study that are particularly relevant for developing preclinical ASD models in rats are threefold: (i) commonly utilized strains exhibit unique patterns of social interactions, including strain-specific play behaviors, (ii) the testing environment may profoundly influence the expression of strain-specific social behavior and (iii) simple, automated measures of sociability may not capture the complexities of rat social interactions

Defect formation in superconducting rings: external fields and finite-size effects

Consistent with the predictions of Kibble and Zurek, scaling behaviour has been seen in the production of fluxoids during temperature quenches of superconducting rings. However, deviations from the canonical behaviour arise because of finite-size effects and stray external fields. Technical developments, including laser heating and the use of long Josephson tunnel junctions, have improved the quality of data that can be obtained. With new experiments in mind we perform large-scale 3D simulations of quenches of small, thin rings of various geometries with fully dynamical electromagnetic fields, at nonzero externally applied magnetic flux. We find that the outcomes are, in practice, indistinguishable from those of much simpler Gaussian analytical approximations in which the rings are treated as one-dimensional systems and the magnetic field fluctuation-free.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, presentation at QFS2012, to appear in JLT

The Anti-Nuclear Factor as An Auto-Antibody

The study of a factor which can be demonstrated using Coons indirect fluorescent antibody technique, in the serum of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (and some other diseases) has been described. An outline of the historical development of the concept of auto-immune disease has been presented, incorporating the technical advances which assisted in elucidation of auto-immune phenomena and an indication of the possible relevance of these to systemic lupus. The main technique used in the study, fluorescence microscopy, was described in detail. A study of the sera of 845 individuals revealed the presence of the factor in 62 of 63 cases of systemic lupus (58 of these were L.E. cell positive), 19 of 132 cases of Rheumatoid Arthritis, 14 of 110 cases of Thyroid Disease, 5 of 39 cases of Liver Disease, 10 of 75 cases of Discoid Lupus, and 5 of 258 cases in the control groups. Quantitation of the factor by serial dilution showed that; the majority of systemic lupus sera had a high titre, while the remaining diseases showed moderate or low amounts of activity. A comparison with other reported series revealed a variation in sensitivity of the test in different hands, and the possible interpretations of occasional low titre findings were outlined. The 171 results with the indirect fluorescent antibody technique were compared with other ways of showing anti-nuclear .ctivity. Histochemical, absorption and precipitation studies on sera with anti-nuclear activity suggest that the nuclear antigen concerned in most instances was a complex of D.N.A. and histone, and a similarity to the L.E. cell factor was noted in this respect. It was concluded that the fluorescent antibody technique whilst not able to distinguish easily between the reactions to the several nuclear components which have been implicated, was a sensitive and reliable method of detecting the factor in human sera, and that it would be difficult to sustain a firm diagnosis of systemic lupus in the absence of a positive test. A study of the nature of the factor by eleotrophbretic, chromatographic, ultracentrifugal and thiol degradation methods, indicated that it was an immunoglobulin of the 7 S type in the sera from the caseeof systemic lupus examined and that it was either of this type or of 19 S macroglobulin type in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Liver or Thyroid Disease; a few sera from Rheumatoid Arthritis cases appeared to contain a mixture of the two types. These findings were compared with reports of similar studies, stressing the importance of analysing the "pure" fractions obtained by these procedures with sensitive immunodiffusion techniques

Soliton form factors from lattice simulations

The form factor provides a convenient way to describe properties of topological solitons in the full quantum theory, when semiclassical concepts are not applicable. It is demonstrated that the form factor can be calculated numerically using lattice Monte Carlo simulations. The approach is very general and can be applied to essentially any type of soliton. The technique is illustrated by calculating the kink form factor near the critical point in 1+1-dimensional scalar field theory. As expected from universality arguments, the result agrees with the exactly calculable scaling form factor of the two-dimensional Ising model.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: discussion extended, references added, version accepted for publication in PR