4,027 research outputs found
Who is to blame? The relationship between ingroup identification and relative deprivation is moderated by ingroup attributions
Contradictory evidence can be found in the literature about whether ingroup identification and perceived relative deprivation are positively or negatively related. Indeed, theoretical arguments can be made for both effects. It was proposed that the contradictory findings can be explained by considering a hitherto unstudied moderator: The extent to which deprivation is attributed to the ingroup. It was hypothesised that identification would only have a negative impact on deprivation, and that deprivation would only have a negative impact on identification, if ingroup attributions are high. To test this, attributions to the ingroup were experimentally manipulated among British student participants (N = 189) who were asked about their perceived deprivation vis-Ă -vis German students, yield ing support for the hypotheses
Characterization of potential biomarkers of reactogenicity of licensed antiviral vaccines: randomized controlled clinical trials conducted by the BIOVACSAFE consortium
Funding text The authors are grateful for the vital contributions of the participating study volunteers, clinicians, nurses, and laboratory technicians at the Surrey study site. The work by Roberto Leone, laboratory technician at Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, they thank Ellen Oe (GSK) for scientific writing assistance. The research leading to these results has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement n°115308, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Unionâs Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007â2013) and EFPIA companiesâ in-kind contribution. The contribution of the European Commission to the Advanced Immunization Technologies (ADITEC) project (grant agreement n° 280873) is also gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s).Biomarkers predictive of inflammatory events post-vaccination could accelerate vaccine development. Within the BIOVACSAFE framework, we conducted three identically designed, placebo-controlled inpatient/outpatient clinical studies (NCT01765413/NCT01771354/NCT01771367). Six antiviral vaccination strategies were evaluated to generate training data-sets of pre-/post-vaccination vital signs, blood changes and whole-blood gene transcripts, and to identify putative biomarkers of early inflammation/reactogenicity that could guide the design of subsequent focused confirmatory studies. Healthy adults (N = 123; 20â21/group) received one immunization at Day (D)0. Alum-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine elicited vital signs and inflammatory (CRP/innate cells) responses that were similar between primed/naive vaccinees, and low-level gene responses. MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (ATIV) induced distinct physiological (temperature/heart rate/reactogenicity) response-patterns not seen with non-adjuvanted TIV or with the other vaccines. ATIV also elicited robust early (D1) activation of IFN-related genes (associated with serum IP-10 levels) and innate-cell-related genes, and changes in monocyte/neutrophil/lymphocyte counts, while TIV elicited similar but lower responses. Due to viral replication kinetics, innate gene activation by live yellow-fever or varicella-zoster virus (YFV/VZV) vaccines was more suspended, with early IFN-associated responses in naĂŻve YFV-vaccine recipients but not in primed VZV-vaccine recipients. Inflammatory responses (physiological/serum markers, innate-signaling transcripts) are therefore a function of the vaccine type/composition and presence/absence of immune memory. The data reported here have guided the design of confirmatory Phase IV trials using ATIV to provide tools to identify inflammatory or reactogenicity biomarkers.Peer reviewe
Measurement of the Electric and Magnetic Polarizabilities of the Proton
The Compton scattering cross section on the proton has been measured at
laboratory angles of 90 and 135 using tagged photons in the
energy range 70--100 MeV and simultaneously using untagged photons in the range
100--148~MeV. With the aid of dispersion relations, these cross sections were
used to extract the electric and magnetic polarizabilities, and
respectively, of the proton. We find
in agreement with a model-independent dispersion sum rule, and
where the errors shown are statistical, systematic, and model-dependent,
respectively. A comparison with previous experiments is given and global values
for the polarizabilities are extracted.Comment: 35 pages, 11 PostScript figures, uses RevTex 3.
Superrevivals in the quantum dynamics of a particle confined in a finite square well potential
We examine the revival features in wave packet dynamics of a particle
confined in a finite square well potential. The possibility of tunneling
modifies the revival pattern as compared to an infinite square well potential.
We study the dependence of the revival times on the depth of the square well
and predict the existence of superrevivals. The nature of these superrevivals
is compared with similar features seen in the dynamics of wavepackets in an
anharmonic oscillator potential.Comment: 8 pages in Latex two-column format with 5 figures (eps). To appear in
Physical Review
Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium Rydberg atoms I. Experiment for nS and nD atoms with n=8-20
Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium nS and nD Rydberg atoms with
n=8-20 has been studied. The experiments were performed using a two-step pulsed
laser excitation in an effusive atomic beam at atom density of about 2 10^{10}
cm^{-3}. Molecular and atomic ions from associative, Penning, and thermal
ionization processes were detected. It has been found that the atomic ions were
created mainly due to photoionization of Rydberg atoms by photons of blackbody
radiation at the ambient temperature of 300K. Blackbody ionization rates and
effective lifetimes of Rydberg states of interest were determined. The
molecular ions were found to be from associative ionization in Na(nL)+Na(3S)
collisions. Rate constants of associative ionization have been measured using
an original method based on relative measurements of Na_{2}^{+} and Na^{+} ion
signals.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
The constitutive tensor of linear elasticity: its decompositions, Cauchy relations, null Lagrangians, and wave propagation
In linear anisotropic elasticity, the elastic properties of a medium are
described by the fourth rank elasticity tensor C. The decomposition of C into a
partially symmetric tensor M and a partially antisymmetric tensors N is often
used in the literature. An alternative, less well-known decomposition, into the
completely symmetric part S of C plus the reminder A, turns out to be
irreducible under the 3-dimensional general linear group. We show that the
SA-decomposition is unique, irreducible, and preserves the symmetries of the
elasticity tensor. The MN-decomposition fails to have these desirable
properties and is such inferior from a physical point of view. Various
applications of the SA-decomposition are discussed: the Cauchy relations
(vanishing of A), the non-existence of elastic null Lagrangians, the
decomposition of the elastic energy and of the acoustic wave propagation. The
acoustic or Christoffel tensor is split in a Cauchy and a non-Cauchy part. The
Cauchy part governs the longitudinal wave propagation. We provide explicit
examples of the effectiveness of the SA-decomposition. A complete class of
anisotropic media is proposed that allows pure polarizations in arbitrary
directions, similarly as in an isotropic medium.Comment: 1 figur
Radiative charge transfer lifetime of the excited state of (NaCa)
New experiments were proposed recently to investigate the regime of cold
atomic and molecular ion-atom collision processes in a special hybrid
neutral-atom--ion trap under high vacuum conditions. The collisional cooling of
laser pre-cooled Ca ions by ultracold Na atoms is being studied. Modeling
this process requires knowledge of the radiative lifetime of the excited
singlet A state of the (NaCa) molecular system. We calculate
the rate coefficient for radiative charge transfer using a semiclassical
approach. The dipole radial matrix elements between the ground and the excited
states, and the potential curves were calculated using Complete Active Space
Self-Consistent field and M\"oller-Plesset second order perturbation theory
(CASSCF/MP2) with an extended Gaussian basis, 6-311+G(3df). The semiclassical
charge transfer rate coefficient was averaged over a thermal Maxwellian
distribution. In addition we also present elastic collision cross sections and
the spin-exchange cross section. The rate coefficient for charge transfer was
found to be cm/sec, while those for the elastic and
spin-exchange cross sections were found to be several orders of magnitude
higher ( cm/sec and cm/sec,
respectively). This confirms our assumption that the milli-Kelvin regime of
collisional cooling of calcium ions by sodium atoms is favorable with the
respect to low loss of calcium ions due to the charge transfer.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures; v.2 - conceptual change
Review of HBT or Bose-Einstein correlations in high energy heavy ion collisions
A brief review is given on the discovery and the first five decades of the
Hanbury Brown - Twiss effect and its generalized applications in high energy
nuclear and particle physics, that includes a meta-review. Interesting and
inspiring new directions are also highlighted, including for example source
imaging, lepton and photon interferometry, non-Gaussian shape analysis as well
as many other new directions. Existing models are compared to two-particle
correlation measurements and the so-called RHIC HBT puzzle is resolved.
Evidence for a (directional) Hubble flow is presented and the conclusion is
confirmed by a successful description of the pseudorapidity dependence of the
elliptic flow as measured in Au+Au collisions by the PHOBOS Collaboration.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, 8 sub-figures, invited plenary talk at the
ICPA-QGP 2005 conference in Kolkata, Indi
Excitation-assisted inelastic processes in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
We find that inelastic collisional processes in Bose-Einstein condensates
induce local variations of the mean-field interparticle interaction and are
accompanied by the creation/annihilation of elementary excitation. The physical
picture is demonstrated for the case of three body recombination in a trapped
condensate. For a high trap barrier the production of high energy trapped
single particle excitations results in a strong increase of the loss rate of
atoms from the condensate.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
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