1,527 research outputs found
Stochastic methods for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations
We propose algorithms for solving high-dimensional Partial Differential
Equations (PDEs) that combine a probabilistic interpretation of PDEs, through
Feynman-Kac representation, with sparse interpolation. Monte-Carlo methods and
time-integration schemes are used to estimate pointwise evaluations of the
solution of a PDE. We use a sequential control variates algorithm, where
control variates are constructed based on successive approximations of the
solution of the PDE. Two different algorithms are proposed, combining in
different ways the sequential control variates algorithm and adaptive sparse
interpolation. Numerical examples will illustrate the behavior of these
algorithms
Flow in a slowly-tapering channel with oscillating walls
The flow of a fluid in a channel with walls inclined at an angle to each other is investigated at arbitrary Reynolds number. The flow is driven by an oscillatory motion of the wall incorporating a time-periodic displacement perpendicular to the channel centreline. The gap between the walls varies linearly with distance along the channel and is a prescribed periodic function of time. An approximate solution is constructed assuming that the angle of inclination of the walls is small. At leading order the flow corresponds to that in a channel with parallel, vertically oscillating walls examined by Hall and Papageorgiou \cite{HP}. A careful study of the governing partial differential system for the first order approximation controlling the tapering flow due to the wall inclination is conducted. It is found that as the Reynolds number is increased from zero the tapering flow loses symmetry and undergoes exponential growth in time. The loss of symmetry occurs at a lower Reynolds number than the symmetry-breaking for the parallel-wall flow. A window of asymmetric, time-periodic solutions is found at higher Reynolds number, and these are reached via a quasiperiodic transient from a given set of initial conditions. Beyond this window stability is again lost to exponentially growing solutions as the Reynolds number is increased
Multiscale simulations in simple metals: a density-functional based methodology
We present a formalism for coupling a density functional theory-based quantum
simulation to a classical simulation for the treatment of simple metallic
systems. The formalism is applicable to multiscale simulations in which the
part of the system requiring quantum-mechanical treatment is spatially confined
to a small region. Such situations often arise in physical systems where
chemical interactions in a small region can affect the macroscopic mechanical
properties of a metal. We describe how this coupled treatment can be
accomplished efficiently, and we present a coupled simulation for a bulk
aluminum system.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Turbulent pair dispersion of inertial particles
The relative dispersion of pairs of inertial particles in incompressible,
homogeneous, and isotropic turbulence is studied by means of direct numerical
simulations at two values of the Taylor-scale Reynolds number and 400. The evolution of both heavy and light particle pairs is
analysed at varying the particle Stokes number and the fluid-to-particle
density ratio. For heavy particles, it is found that turbulent dispersion is
schematically governed by two temporal regimes. The first is dominated by the
presence, at large Stokes numbers, of small-scale caustics in the particle
velocity statistics, and it lasts until heavy particle velocities have relaxed
towards the underlying flow velocities. At such large scales, a second regime
starts where heavy particles separate as tracers particles would do. As a
consequence, at increasing inertia, a larger transient stage is observed, and
the Richardson diffusion of simple tracers is recovered only at large times and
large scales. These features also arise from a statistical closure of the
equation of motion for heavy particle separation that is proposed, and which is
supported by the numerical results. In the case of light particles with high
density ratios, strong small-scale clustering leads to a considerable fraction
of pairs that do not separate at all, although the mean separation increases
with time. This effect strongly alters the shape of the probability density
function of light particle separations.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figure
Level Crossing Analysis of Burgers Equation in 1+1 Dimensions
We investigate the average frequency of positive slope ,
crossing the velocity field in the Burgers equation.
The level crossing analysis in the inviscid limit and total number of positive
crossing of velocity field before creation of singularities are given. The main
goal of this paper is to show that this quantity, , is a good
measure for the fluctuations of velocity fields in the Burgers turbulence.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Nonlinear porous medium flow with fractional potential pressure
We study a porous medium equation, with nonlocal diffusion effects given by
an inverse fractional Laplacian operator. We pose the problem in n-dimensional
space for all t>0 with bounded and compactly supported initial data, and prove
existence of a weak and bounded solution that propagates with finite speed, a
property that is nor shared by other fractional diffusion models.Comment: 32 pages, Late
Pole-based approximation of Fermi-Dirac function
Two approaches for the efficient rational approximation of the Fermi-Dirac
function are discussed: one uses the contour integral representation and
conformal mapping and the other is based on a version of the multipole
representation of the Fermi-Dirac function that uses only simple poles. Both
representations have logarithmic computational complexity. They are of great
interest for electronic structure calculations.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, dedicated to Professor Andy Majda on the
occasion of his 60th birthda
Set-Oriented Dimension Reduction: Localizing Principal Component Analysis via Hidden Markov Models
Partial differential equations for self-organization in cellular and developmental biology
Understanding the mechanisms governing and regulating the emergence of structure and heterogeneity within cellular systems, such as the developing embryo, represents a multiscale challenge typifying current integrative biology research, namely, explaining the macroscale behaviour of a system from microscale dynamics. This review will focus upon modelling how cell-based dynamics orchestrate the emergence of higher level structure. After surveying representative biological examples and the models used to describe them, we will assess how developments at the scale of molecular biology have impacted on current theoretical frameworks, and the new modelling opportunities that are emerging as a result. We shall restrict our survey of mathematical approaches to partial differential equations and the tools required for their analysis. We will discuss the gap between the modelling abstraction and biological reality, the challenges this presents and highlight some open problems in the field
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