529 research outputs found
Quantum repeaters with individual rare-earth ions at telecommunication wavelengths
We present a quantum repeater scheme that is based on individual erbium and
europium ions. Erbium ions are attractive because they emit photons at
telecommunication wavelength, while europium ions offer exceptional spin
coherence for long-term storage. Entanglement between distant erbium ions is
created by photon detection. The photon emission rate of each erbium ion is
enhanced by a microcavity with high Purcell factor, as has recently been
demonstrated. Entanglement is then transferred to nearby europium ions for
storage. Gate operations between nearby ions are performed using dynamically
controlled electric-dipole coupling. These gate operations allow entanglement
swapping to be employed in order to extend the distance over which entanglement
is distributed. The deterministic character of the gate operations allows
improved entanglement distribution rates in comparison to atomic ensemble-based
protocols. We also propose an approach that utilizes multiplexing in order to
enhance the entanglement distribution rate.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Mars Spacecraft Power System Development Final Report
Development of optimum Mariner spacecraft power system for application to future flyby and orbiter mission
Schnurri-3 (KRC) Interacts with c-Jun to Regulate the IL-2 Gene in T Cells
The activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor is a key participant in the control of T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and effector function. In the immune system, AP-1 activity is highest in T cells, suggesting that a subset of T cellâspecific coactivator proteins exist to selectively potentiate AP-1 function. Here, we describe that the expression of Schnurri-3, also known as Îș recognition component (KRC), is induced upon T cell receptor signaling in T cells and functions to regulate the expression of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene. Overexpression of KRC in transformed and primary T cells leads to increased IL-2 production, whereas dominant-negative KRC, or loss of KRC protein in KRC-null mice, results in diminished IL-2 production. KRC physically associates with the c-Jun transcription factor and serves as a coactivator to augment AP-1âdependent IL-2 gene transcription
Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the bladder cancer and the immune response applied to a patient: Evolution and short-term prediction
[EN] Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the urinary system and a highly aggressive neoplasm. The prognosis is not favorable usually, and its evolution for particular patients is very difficult to find out. In this paper, we propose a dynamic mathematical model that describes the bladder tumor growth and the immune response evolution. This model is customized for a single patient, determining appropriate model parameter values via model calibration. Due to the uncertainty of the tumor evolution, using the calibrated model parameters, we predict the tumor size and the immune response evolution over the next few months assuming three different scenarios: favorable, neutral, and unfavorable. In the former, it is not expected any trace of the cancer in the middle of September 2018 (after 16 mo). In the neutral scenario, at the same date, a 7- to 8-mm tumor is expected. In the worst case, a 40-mm tumor is expected. The patient was cited on 10 September 2018 to check the tumor size, and according to the doctors, there was no sign of recurrence. It seems that we are in the favorable scenario. The patient will be called again for follow-up in mid-2019.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de EconomĂa, Industria y Competitividad grant MTM2017-89664-P.Burgos-Simon, C.; GarcĂa-Medina, N.; MartĂnez-RodrĂguez, D.; Villanueva MicĂł, RJ. (2019). Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the bladder cancer and the immune response applied to a patient: Evolution and short-term prediction. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. 42(17):5746-5757. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.5536S574657574217Official Site for Spanish Medic Oncology Society.https://www.seom.org. Accessed: 25/09/2018.Greenlee, R. T., Hill-Harmon, M. B., Murray, T., & Thun, M. (2001). Cancer Statistics, 2001. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 51(1), 15-36. doi:10.3322/canjclin.51.1.15Holmang, S., Hedelin, H., Anderstrom, C., & Johansson, S. L. (1995). The Relationship Among Multiple Recurrences, Progression and Prognosis of Patients with Stages TA and T1 Transitional Cell Cancer of the Bladder Followed for at least 20 years. Journal of Urology, 153(6), 1823-1827. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)67321-xRedelman-Sidi, G., Glickman, M. S., & Bochner, B. H. (2014). The mechanism of action of BCG therapy for bladder cancerâa current perspective. Nature Reviews Urology, 11(3), 153-162. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.15Bladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ)âHealth Professional Version.https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq. Accessed: 25/09/2018.Bladder Cancer Treatment (PDQ)âPatient Version.https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq. Accessed: 25/09/2018.Official Site for Hospital Universitari i PolitĂšcnic La Fe Valencia Spain.http://www.hospital-lafe.com. Accessed: 25/09/2018.Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2011). Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation. Cell, 144(5), 646-674. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013Dong, H., Strome, S. E., Salomao, D. R., Tamura, H., Hirano, F., Flies, D. B., ⊠Chen, L. (2002). Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: A potential mechanism of immune evasion. Nature Medicine, 8(8), 793-800. doi:10.1038/nm730Fernandez, N. C., Lozier, A., Flament, C., Ricciardi-Castagnoli, P., Bellet, D., Suter, M., ⊠Zitvogel, L. (1999). Dendritic cells directly trigger NK cell functions: Cross-talk relevant in innate anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. Nature Medicine, 5(4), 405-411. doi:10.1038/7403Factsheet of OncoTICE 2âââ8âĂâ108UFC powder for suspension intravesical (in Spanish).https://www.aemps.gob.es/cima/pdfs/es/ft/61377/61377_ft.pdf. Accessed: 25/09/2018
Energy-efficient quantum non-demolition measurement with a spin-photon interface
Spin-photon interfaces (SPIs) are key devices of quantum technologies, aimed
at coherently transferring quantum information between spin qubits and
propagating pulses of polarized light. We study the potential of a SPI for
quantum non demolition (QND) measurements of a spin state. After being
initialized and scattered by the SPI, the state of a light pulse depends on the
spin state. It thus plays the role of a pointer state, information being
encoded in the light's temporal and polarization degrees of freedom. Building
on the fully Hamiltonian resolution of the spin-light dynamics, we show that
quantum superpositions of zero and single photon states outperform coherent
pulses of light, producing pointer states which are more distinguishable with
the same photon budget. The energetic advantage provided by quantum pulses over
coherent ones is maintained when information on the spin state is extracted at
the classical level by performing projective measurements on the light pulses.
The proposed schemes are robust against imperfections in state of the art
semi-conducting devices.Comment: Accepted for publication in Quantu
Coherence-powered work exchanges between a solid-state qubit and light fields
How does quantum coherence impact energy exchanges between quantum systems?
This key question of quantum thermodynamics is also of prime importance for the
energy management of emerging technologies based on quantum coherence.
Pioneering theoretical frameworks have been proposed to describe the role of
coherence in the energetic exchanges between a qubit and the electromagnetic
field. Here, we experimentally study the work transferred during the
spontaneous emission of a solid-state qubit into a reservoir of modes of the
electromagnetic field, a step that energetically corresponds to the charging of
a quantum battery. We show that the amount of transferred work is proportional
to the initial quantum coherence of the qubit, and is reduced at higher
temperatures. In a second step, we {study the discharge of the battery and its
energy transfer} to a classical, i.e., laser field using homodyne-type
measurements. Our research shows that the amount of energy and work transferred
to the laser field is controlled by the relative classical optical phase
between the two fields, the quantum purity of the charged battery field as
theoretically predicted, as well as long-term fluctuations in the qubit
solid-state environment. Our study lays the groundwork for the energetics of
quantum light generation and optical quantum interferences - two key processes
that are at the core of most light-based quantum technologies
Empirical Bayesian Mixture Models for Medical Image Translation
Automatically generating one medical imaging modality from another is known
as medical image translation, and has numerous interesting applications. This
paper presents an interpretable generative modelling approach to medical image
translation. By allowing a common model for group-wise normalisation and
segmentation of brain scans to handle missing data, the model allows for
predicting entirely missing modalities from one, or a few, MR contrasts.
Furthermore, the model can be trained on a fairly small number of subjects. The
proposed model is validated on three clinically relevant scenarios. Results
appear promising and show that a principled, probabilistic model of the
relationship between multi-channel signal intensities can be used to infer
missing modalities -- both MR contrasts and CT images.Comment: Accepted to the Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging (SASHIMI)
workshop at MICCAI 201
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