1,153 research outputs found
Does Distance Matter? Geographical Distance and Domestic Support for Mega Sports Events
Residential support is one key factor that increases the probability of a positive outcome of mega events. Especially, pre-event support seems important, since hosting the event often requires public consensus. Within the discussion of determinants of pre-event support, the distance between a resident’s home (district) and the event area has been neglected so far. To explore the spatial nature of event support, representative survey data (n= 900) from the 2016 Olympic Games is analyzed using ordered probit and spatial regression models. Estimates reveal a lower probability of high support for residents living close to the main event area. Moreover, the rate of marginal changes in the probability of support decreases with decreasing distance to other areas
Poincar\'e and sl(2) algebras of order 3
In this paper we initiate a general classification for Lie algebras of order
3 and we give all Lie algebras of order 3 based on
and the Poincar\'e algebra in four-dimensions. We then
set the basis of the theory of the deformations (in the Gerstenhaber sense) and
contractions for Lie algebras of order 3.Comment: Title and presentation change
Construction of an isotropic cellular automaton for a reaction-diffusion equation by means of a random walk
We propose a new method to construct an isotropic cellular automaton
corresponding to a reaction-diffusion equation. The method consists of
replacing the diffusion term and the reaction term of the reaction-diffusion
equation with a random walk of microscopic particles and a discrete vector
field which defines the time evolution of the particles. The cellular automaton
thus obtained can retain isotropy and therefore reproduces the patterns found
in the numerical solutions of the reaction-diffusion equation. As a specific
example, we apply the method to the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in excitable
media
Expanding Lie (super)algebras through abelian semigroups
We propose an outgrowth of the expansion method introduced by de Azcarraga et
al. [Nucl. Phys. B 662 (2003) 185]. The basic idea consists in considering the
direct product between an abelian semigroup S and a Lie algebra g. General
conditions under which relevant subalgebras can systematically be extracted
from S \times g are given. We show how, for a particular choice of semigroup S,
the known cases of expanded algebras can be reobtained, while new ones arise
from different choices. Concrete examples, including the M algebra and a
D'Auria-Fre-like Superalgebra, are considered. Finally, we find explicit,
non-trace invariant tensors for these S-expanded algebras, which are essential
ingredients in, e.g., the formulation of Supergravity theories in arbitrary
space-time dimensions.Comment: 42 pages, 8 figures. v2: Improved figures, updated notation and
terminolog
Formal deformations, contractions and moduli spaces of Lie algebras
Jump deformations and contractions of Lie algebras are inverse concepts, but
the approaches to their computations are quite different. In this paper, we
contrast the two approaches, showing how to compute jump deformations from the
miniversal deformation of a Lie algebra, and thus arrive at the contractions.
We also compute contractions directly. We use the moduli spaces of real
3-dimensional and complex 3 and 4-dimensional Lie algebras as models for
explaining a deformation theory approach to computation of contractions.Comment: 27 page
Cellular automaton model of precipitation/dissolution coupled with solute transport
Precipitation/dissolution reactions coupled with solute transport are
modelled as a cellular automaton in which solute molecules perform a random
walk on a regular lattice and react according to a local probabilistic rule.
Stationary solid particles dissolve with a certain probability and, provided
solid is already present or the solution is saturated, solute particles have a
probability to precipitate. In our simulation of the dissolution of a solid
block inside uniformly flowing water we obtain solid precipitation downstream
from the original solid edge, in contrast to the standard reaction-transport
equations. The observed effect is the result of fluctuations in solute density
and diminishes when we average over a larger ensemble. The additional
precipitation of solid is accompanied by a substantial reduction in the
relatively small solute concentration. The model is appropriate for the study
of the r\^ole of intrinsic fluctuations in the presence of reaction thresholds
and can be employed to investigate porosity changes associated with the
carbonation of cement.Comment: LaTeX file, 13 pages. To appear in Journal of Statistical Physics
(Proceedings of Lattice Gas'94, June 1994, Princeton). Figures available from
author. Requests may be submitted by E-mail ([email protected]) or ordinary
mail (Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
Microfabricated gas sensor systems with sensitive nanocrystalline metal-oxide films
This article gives an overview on recent developments in metal-oxide-based gas sensor systems, in particular on nanocrystalline oxide materials deposited on modern, state-of-the-art sensor platforms fabricated in microtechnology. First, metal-oxide-based gas sensors are introduced, and the underlying principles and fundamentals of the gas sensing process are laid out. In the second part, the different deposition methods, such as evaporation, sputtering, sol-gel techniques, aerosol methods, and screen-printing, and their applicability to micro-scale substrates are discussed in terms of their deposition precision, the achievable layer thickness, as well as with regard to the possibility to use pre-processed materials. In the third part, microsensor platforms and, in particular, semiconductor- and microelectronics-based sensor platforms, which have been fabricated in, e.g., standard CMOS-technology (CMOS: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), are briefly reviewed. The use of such microfabricated sensor platforms inevitably imposes constraints, such as temperature limits, on the applied nanomaterial processing and deposition methods. These limitations are discussed and work-arounds are described. Additionally, monolithic sensor systems are presented that combine microtransducers or microhotplates, which are coated with nanomaterials, with the necessary control and driving electronics on a single chip. The most advanced of such systems are standalone units that can be directly connected to a computer via a digital interfac
CO2 sensing with chemoresistive Nd2O2CO3 sensors - Operando insights
AbstractIn this work the sensing of Nd2O2CO3-based chemoresistive CO2 sensor was investigated combining DRIFT and DC-resistance measurements. Besides the already reported effect of CO2 exposure, we found that exposure to CO determines comparable effects and that the presence of oxygen in the background is not important. The humidity significantly influences the response for both gases. The spectroscopic results reveal that the exposure to both CO and CO2 consumes the water-related surface species – the rooted-hydroxyls being the electrically active one – and increases the concentration of carbonates; the decrease of the rooted-hydroxyls is probably the cause of the resistance increase
Rare earth oxycarbonates as a material class for chemoresistive CO2 gas sensors
AbstractIn this work we compare the CO2 gas sensing properties of two new materials synthesized from rare earth hydroxide (La(OH)3,Pr(OH)3) precursors, with the already reported ones for neodymium oxycarbonate, which was synthesized from the corresponding Nd(OH)3 precursor. In-situ XRD measurements show that by following similar thermal treatment, praseodymium hydroxide is transforming to the metal oxide while lanthanum hydroxide forms an oxycarbonate, like in the case of neodymium. The chemoresistive effects we found for the lanthanum oxycarbonate were even higher than the ones recorded for the neodymium oxycarbonate; for the praseodymium metal oxide we could not find any CO2 sensitivity. Accordingly, we think that the condition for CO2 sensing is the formation of the rare earth oxycarbonate
Beneficial effects of conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine on fibrinolysis in renal transplant recipients..
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