Exposure to violence is not associated with accuracy in forecasting conflict outcomes

Exposure to harsh or unpredictable environments can impair social and cognitive functioning. However, people may also develop enhanced abilities for solving challenges relevant in those environments (‘hidden talents’). In the current study, we explored the associations between people’s ability to accurately forecast conflict outcomes and their past and current experiences with violence. To do so, we used dynamic, real-world videos with known outcomes, rather than static, artificial stimuli (e.g., vignettes) with unknown outcomes, as previous research has done. We conducted a preregistered study in the Netherlands that included a final sample of 127 participants: 63 from a community sample and 64 college students. We found no support for our core hypothesis that people who experienced more violence are more accurate in forecasting conflict outcomes. Thus, we did not find support for hidden talents, contributing to an evidence base that was already mixed and inconclusive. We did find support for our auxiliary hypothesis that college students would wear ‘rose-colored glasses’, underestimating the number of conflicts that would escalate into fights. Contrary to our other two auxiliary hypotheses, the community sample did not overestimate the number of conflicts that would escalate into fights, and people who have experienced more violence were not more likely to predict that conflicts will escalate into fights. These findings have implications for the literature on hostile attribution bias, which shows that people with more exposure to violence more likely interpret the ambiguous actions of others as hostile. Whereas this pattern is often attributed to negativity bias in people with more exposure to violence, it might also reflect rose-colored glasses on people living safer lives

Dissociation and psychopathology in residential youth.,Levels of dissociation and psychopathology assessed in male adolescents living in residential youth facilities in The Netherlands from March 2017 to July 2018.

Item does not contain fulltextThe dataset contains the raw data (ades_aggregated, minikid_raw) and the workfile (dissociation_FINAL) used for the analyses of the study published by Fragkaki, Weijman, and Cima (2019) in Journal of Youth and Adolescence. The current study is part of a larger project examining biological and environmental factors associated with antisocial behavior in youth and it is focused on the association between dissociation and psychopathology in 101 male adolescents living in residential youth care facilities (one participant did not complete the study and was excluded from the analyses). Dissociation was assessed with the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and psychopathology was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Logistics regressions were performed to examine whether dissociation was related to psychopathology controlling for childhood trauma, callous-unemotional traits, and age. The documentation file includes information about the methodology of the study, the sample, and the variables in the datasets. The published paper describes the methodology, procedure, and analyses in detail

Dissociation and psychopathology in residential youth: A brief report

Although dissociative symptoms are observed in several psychiatric disorders and linked to antisocial behavior and offending, the relation between dissociation and psychopathology or comorbidity has not been consistently investigated in residential youth yet. This brief report documented prevalence and comorbidity rates of several psychiatric disorders and examined their relation to dissociation in residential youth. The study included 100 male adolescents (Mage = 16.51) admitted to residential youth care facilities. Psychopathology was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID) and dissociation was measured with the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES). Externalizing problems (conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were the most prevalent (81%) followed by substance abuse/dependence (71%), manic/hypomanic symptoms (40%), anxiety (35%), and depression (33%). High comorbidity was also observed in externalizing problems with alcohol/substance abuse/dependence (67%), manic/hypomanic symptoms (35%), depression (31%), and anxiety (30%). Logistic regression analyses revealed a significant link between dissociation and externalizing problems, depression, and manic/hypomanic symptoms, as well as comorbid externalizing problems and depression or manic/hypomanic symptoms. The findings highlight the need to assess dissociation in order to better understand the multifaceted individual profile of residential youth and incorporate it in the treatment plan

Dissociation and psychopathology in residential youth.: Levels of dissociation and psychopathology assessed in male adolescents living in residential youth facilities in The Netherlands from March 2017 to July 2018.

The dataset contains the raw data (ades_aggregated, minikid_raw) and the workfile (dissociation_FINAL) used for the analyses of the study published by Fragkaki, Weijman, and Cima (2019) in Journal of Youth and Adolescence. The current study is part of a larger project examining biological and environmental factors associated with antisocial behavior in youth and it is focused on the association between dissociation and psychopathology in 101 male adolescents living in residential youth care facilities (one participant did not complete the study and was excluded from the analyses). Dissociation was assessed with the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and psychopathology was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Logistics regressions were performed to examine whether dissociation was related to psychopathology controlling for childhood trauma, callous-unemotional traits, and age. The documentation file includes information about the methodology of the study, the sample, and the variables in the datasets. The published paper describes the methodology, procedure, and analyses in detail

Verborgen Talenten in het Youthlab

Verslag co-creatie UU x Young in Prison 10-2020 - 04-202

Human responses to Covid-19: The role of optimism bias, perceived severity, and anxiety

Contains fulltext : 230582.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)During the Covid-19 pandemic, the governments are trying to contain the spread with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing rules, restrictions, and lockdowns. In an effort to identify factors that may influence population adherence to NPIs, we examined the role of optimism bias, anxiety, and perceived severity of the situation in relation to engagement in protective behavioral changes and satisfaction with governments' response to this pandemic. We conducted an online survey in 935 participants (Mage = 34.29; 68.88% females) that was disseminated in April and May 2020 in the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and USA. Individuals with high optimism bias engaged less in behavioral changes, whereas individuals with high levels of anxiety and high perceived severity engaged more in behavioral changes. Individuals with high optimism bias and high levels of anxiety were less satisfied with the governments' response, albeit for different reasons. Individuals who reported low perceived severity and low government satisfaction engaged the least in behavioral changes, whereas participants who reported high perceived severity and low government satisfaction engaged the most in behavioral changes. This study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological factors that influence people's responses to NPIs.7 p

Verborgen Talenten in het Youthlab

Verslag co-creatie UU x Young in Prison 10-2020 - 04-202

Exposure to violence is not associated with accuracy in forecasting conflict outcomes

Exposure to harsh or unpredictable environments can impair social and cognitive functioning. However, people may also develop enhanced abilities for solving challenges relevant in those environments (‘hidden talents’). In the current study, we explored the associations between people’s ability to accurately forecast conflict outcomes and their past and current experiences with violence. To do so, we used dynamic, real-world videos with known outcomes, rather than static, artificial stimuli (e.g., vignettes) with unknown outcomes, as previous research has done. We conducted a preregistered study in the Netherlands that included a final sample of 127 participants: 63 from a community sample and 64 college students. We found no support for our core hypothesis that people who experienced more violence are more accurate in forecasting conflict outcomes. Thus, we did not find support for hidden talents, contributing to an evidence base that was already mixed and inconclusive. We did find support for our auxiliary hypothesis that college students would wear ‘rose-colored glasses’, underestimating the number of conflicts that would escalate into fights. Contrary to our other two auxiliary hypotheses, the community sample did not overestimate the number of conflicts that would escalate into fights, and people who have experienced more violence were not more likely to predict that conflicts will escalate into fights. These findings have implications for the literature on hostile attribution bias, which shows that people with more exposure to violence more likely interpret the ambiguous actions of others as hostile. Whereas this pattern is often attributed to negativity bias in people with more exposure to violence, it might also reflect rose-colored glasses on people living safer lives

Levels of dissociation and psychopathology assessed in male adolescents living in residential youth facilities in The Netherlands from March 2017 to July 2018.

The dataset contains the raw data (ades_aggregated, minikid_raw) and the workfile (dissociation_FINAL) used for the analyses of the study published by Fragkaki, Weijman, and Cima (2019) in Journal of Youth and Adolescence. The current study is part of a larger project examining biological and environmental factors associated with antisocial behavior in youth and it is focused on the association between dissociation and psychopathology in 101 male adolescents living in residential youth care facilities (one participant did not complete the study and was excluded from the analyses). Dissociation was assessed with the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale and psychopathology was assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Logistics regressions were performed to examine whether dissociation was related to psychopathology controlling for childhood trauma, callous-unemotional traits, and age. The documentation file includes information about the methodology of the study, the sample, and the variables in the datasets. The published paper describes the methodology, procedure, and analyses in detail