17 research outputs found
Arterial blood architecture of the maxillary sinus in dentate specimens
Aim To describe vascular anatomy of the maxillary sinus in
dentate specimens dissected from human cadavers.
Methods Twenty dentate maxillary specimens were dissected,
anatomically prepared, and injected with liquid latex
for a better visualization of the maxillary sinus artery.
Results We found an intraosseous anastomosis in 100%
and an extraosseous anastomosis in 90% of the cases.
The anterior lateral wall of the maxillary sinus was transversed
by two anastomoses between the posterior superior
alveolar artery (PSAA) and the infraorbital artery (IOA).
The PSAA was divided into a gingival and dental branch.
The gingival branch anastomosed with the terminal extraosseous
branch of the extraosseous anastomosis (EOA)
and the dental branch with the intraosseous branch of the
intraosseous anastomosis (IOA). The mean distances from
the alveolar ridge to the extraosseus anastomosis were 16
mm for the second maxillary molar, 12.3 mm for the first
maxillary molar, and 13.1 mm for the second maxillary premolar.
The mean distances from the intraosseous anastomosis
to the alveolar ridge were 17.7 mm for the second
maxillary molar, 14.5 mm for the first maxillary molar, and
14.66 mm for the second maxillary premolar.
Conclusion These findings provide relevant data for clinical
dentistry in order to avoid bleeding complications and
minimize the risk of injury to the arterial network of the
maxillary sinus during surgical procedures in the dentate
maxilla region
Hadronic light-by-light corrections to the muon g-2: the pion-pole contribution
The correction to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the pion-pole
contribution to the hadronic light-by-light scattering is considered using a
description of the pi0 - gamma* - gamma* transition form factor based on the
large-Nc and short-distance properties of QCD. The resulting two-loop integrals
are treated by first performing the angular integration analytically, using the
method of Gegenbauer polynomials, followed by a numerical evaluation of the
remaining two-dimensional integration over the moduli of the Euclidean loop
momenta. The value obtained, a_{mu}(LbyL;pi0) = +5.8 (1.0) x 10^{-10},
disagrees with other recent calculations. In the case of the vector meson
dominance form factor, the result obtained by following the same procedure
reads a_{mu}(LbyL;pi0)_{VMD} = +5.6 x 10^{-10}, and differs only by its overall
sign from the value obtained by previous authors. Inclusion of the eta and
eta-prime poles gives a total value a_{mu}(LbyL;PS) = +8.3 (1.2) x 10^{-10} for
the three pseudoscalar states. This result substantially reduces the difference
between the experimental value of a_{mu} and its theoretical counterpart in the
standard model.Comment: 27 pages, Latex, 3 figures. v2: version to be published in Phys. Rev.
D, Note added and references updated (don't worry, sign has not changed
Accumulation of mutations in antibody and CD8 T cell epitopes in a B cell depleted lymphoma patient with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Antibodies against the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can drive adaptive evolution in immunocompromised patients with chronic infection. Here we longitudinally analyze SARS-CoV-2 sequences in a B cell-depleted, lymphoma patient with chronic, ultimately fatal infection, and identify three mutations in the spike protein that dampen convalescent plasma-mediated neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, four mutations emerge in non-spike regions encoding three CD8 T cell epitopes, including one nucleoprotein epitope affected by two mutations. Recognition of each mutant peptide by CD8 T cells from convalescent donors is reduced compared to its ancestral peptide, with additive effects resulting from double mutations. Querying public SARS-CoV-2 sequences shows that these mutations have independently emerged as homoplasies in circulating lineages. Our data thus suggest that potential impacts of CD8 T cells on SARS-CoV-2 mutations, at least in those with humoral immunodeficiency, warrant further investigation to inform on vaccine design
A New Xenobiotic-Induced Mouse Model of Sclerosing Cholangitis and Biliary Fibrosis
Xenobiotics and drugs may lead to cholangiopathies and biliary fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the cause and consequences of hepatobiliary injury and biliary fibrosis in 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-fed mice as a novel model of xenobiotic-induced cholangiopathy. Liver morphology, markers of inflammation, cell proliferation, fibrosis, bile formation, biliary porphyrin secretion, and hepatobiliary transporter expression were studied longitudinally in DDC- and control diet-fed Swiss albino mice. DDC feeding led to increased biliary porphyrin secretion and induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule, osteopontin, and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in bile duct epithelial cells. This was associated with a pronounced pericholangitis with a significantly increased number of CD11b-positive cells, ductular reaction, and activation of periductal myofibroblasts, leading to large duct disease and a biliary type of liver fibrosis. After 4 weeks, we constantly observed intraductal porphyrin pigment plugs. Glutathione and phospholipid excretion significantly decreased over time. Expression of Ntcp, Oatp4, and Mrp2 was significantly reduced, whereas Bsep expression remained unchanged and adaptive Mrp3 and Mrp4 expression was significantly induced. We demonstrate that DDC feeding in mice leads to i) a reactive phenotype of cholangiocytes and bile duct injury, ii) pericholangitis, periductal fibrosis, ductular reaction, and consequently portal-portal bridging, iii) down-regulation of Mrp2 and impaired glutathione excretion, and iv) segmental bile duct obstruction. This model may be valuable to investigate the mechanisms of xenobiotic-induced chronic cholangiopathies and its sequels including biliary fibrosis
Review of Particle Physics
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters