A Formação da Consciência e a Transformação Social na Visão da Sociologia Clássica e Contemporânea

A presente resenha tem o propósito de expor uma análise comparativa entre as teorias de Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber e Pierre Bourdieu. Com base na obra de José Otacílio da Silva, Elementos de Sociologia Geral, e por meio de uma análise comparativa, o texto procura mostrar como a Sociologia clássica e contemporânea tratam de duas questões importantes para a análise sociológica; a formação da consciência e a transformação social. O trabalho apresentará primeiramente a discussão sobre a formação da consciência e, em seguida será exposta a discussão sobre a transformação social. Finalizando as discussões, o trabalho ostentará os aspectos mais relevantes dos temas abordados e sua importância para a sociologia

Gestão do projeto básico para procedimentos licitatórios e de contrato no Estado do Paraná

Orientador: Hamilton BonattoMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Especialização em Construção de Obras PúblicasInclui referênciasResumo: Os projetos de arquitetura e engenharia são os primeiros passos de toda obra civil, por isso, não existe execução de qualidade sem um projeto bem feito. Para o serviço público não funciona diferente, temos construções muito importantes para toda sociedade, diferentemente das construções privadas. As obras que englobam toda a Administração pública requerem atenção especial para que não haja diferenciação, além da qualidade e economia dos serviços prestados a ela, pois envolve aquisições e administração econômica dos bens públicos. De uma forma geral, o problema de má elaboração do projeto básico, englobando os projetos arquitetônico e complementares, os memoriais descritivos, as especificações técnicas, as planilhas orçamentárias e cronograma podem, principalmente nos projetos padrões, causar dificuldades todas as vezes que forem executados, trazendo um gasto significativo de dinheiro e tempo para o órgão interessado. Os possíveis erros que ocorrem no projeto básico devem ser vistos antes mesmo da fase interna dos processos de licitação, pois a partir dele transcorrerão todos os procedimentos até sua finalização. Não se pode dizer que todos os documentos técnicos serão perfeitos e com todos os detalhes necessários, pois durante uma obra podem ocorrer diversos imprevistos, entretanto ao anular possíveis erros iniciais, o transcorrer do processo terá suas modificações e divergências minimizadas trazendo apenas vantagens ao órgão solicitante. Para a gestão dos projetos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os problemas e os argumentos para implantação de um sistema de gerenciamento dos projetos fornecidos. Esse sistema visa analisar o material fornecido para o órgão solicitante, destacando a importância de existir uma coordenação e organização do material apresentado. Para a implantação de um sistema de coordenação e gerenciamento do projeto básico seria necessário utilizar o método de credenciamento de escritórios de engenharia e arquitetura, pois caberia a um profissional habilitado a análise e verificação dos documentos técnicos, trabalhando como auditor dos serviços prestado

Construção do perfil biológico e estudo de fatores individualizantes em cadáver humano brasileiro exumado de um cemitério

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A antropologia forense, apesar de ainda incipiente no Brasil, vem tomando força a partir de suas contribuições na esfera legal, não apenas na identificação de vítimas mas também na interpretação da causa, circunstância e tempo decorrido da morte. O trabalho do antropólogo forense inicia-se com a escavação e remoção dos remanescentes ósseos, utilizando métodos arqueológicos para preservação das informações. Este estudo foi realizado com restos em quase completa esqueletização de um indivíduo exumado do cemitério municipal do Rio Vermelho em 2018, a partir de material já limpo e devidamente acondicionado. Foi realizada a análise para perfil biológico através da estimativa de sexo, idade, ancestralidade e estatura utilizando métodos métricos e morfológicos. Além disso, foram identificadas e descritas as patologias, os traumas, as variações anatômicas e os artefatos associados ao indivíduo. Com a interpretação correta destes indicadores podemos obter informações sobre locomoção, estilo de vida, intervenções cirúrgicas, dentre outras potencialidades.Forensic anthropology, even though incipient in Brazil, has been acquiring strength from its contributions in the legal sphere, not only in the identification of victims but also in the interpretation of the cause, circumstance and elapsed time of death. The work of the forensic anthropologist begins with the excavation and removal of bone remains, using archeological methods to preserve the information. This study was carried out with almost complete skeletonization remains of an individual exhumed from the municipal cemetery of Rio Vermelho in 2018, through the material already cleaned and properly packaged. The analysis was performed for biological profile, through the estimation of sex, age, ancestry and height using metric and morphological methods. In addition, pathologies, trauma, anatomical variations and artifacts associated with the individual were identify and described. With the correct interpretation of these indicators we can obtain information about locomotion, lifestyle, surgical interventions, among other possibilities

Rapidly evolving marmoset MSMB genes are differently expressed in the male genital tract

BACKGROUND: Beta-microseminoprotein, an abundant component in prostatic fluid, is encoded by the potential tumor suppressor gene MSMB. Some New World monkeys carry several copies of this gene, in contrast to most mammals, including humans, which have one only. Here we have investigated the background for the species difference by analyzing the chromosomal organization and expression of MSMB in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). METHODS: Genes were identified in the Callithrix jacchus genome database using bioinformatics and transcripts were analyzed by RT-PCR and quantified by real time PCR in the presence of SYBR green. RESULTS: The common marmoset has five MSMB: one processed pseudogene and four functional genes. The latter encompass homologous genomic regions of 32-35 kb, containing the genes of 12-14 kb and conserved upstream and downstream regions of 14-19 kb and 3-4 kb. One gene, MSMB1, occupies the same position on the chromosome as the single human gene. On the same chromosome, but several Mb away, is another MSMB locus situated with MSMB2, MSMB3 and MSMB4 arranged in tandem. Measurements of transcripts demonstrated that all functional genes are expressed in the male genital tract, generating very high transcript levels in the prostate. The transcript levels in seminal vesicles and testis are two and four orders of magnitude lower. A single gene, MSMB3, accounts for more than 90% of MSMB transcripts in both the prostate and the seminal vesicles, whereas in the testis around half of the transcripts originate from MSMB2. These genes display rapid evolution with a skewed distribution of mutated nucleotides; in MSMB2 they affect nucleotides encoding the N-terminal Greek key domain, whereas in MSMB3 it is the C-terminal MSMB-unique domain that is affected. CONCLUSION: Callitrichide monkeys have four functional MSMB that are all expressed in the male genital tract, but the product from one gene, MSMB3, will predominate in seminal plasma. This gene and MSMB2, the predominating testicular gene, have accumulated mutations that affect different parts of the translation products, suggesting an ongoing molecular specialization that presumably yields functional differences in accessory sex glands and testis

Distinct gene subsets in pterygia formation and recurrence: dissecting complex biological phenomenon using genome wide expression data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease characterized by fibrovascular invasion of the cornea and is sight-threatening due to astigmatism, tear film disturbance, or occlusion of the visual axis. However, the mechanisms for formation and post-surgical recurrence of pterygium are not understood, and a valid animal model does not exist. Here, we investigated the possible mechanisms of pterygium pathogenesis and recurrence.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>First we performed a genome wide expression analysis (human Affymetrix Genechip, >22000 genes) with principal component analysis and clustering techniques, and validated expression of key molecules with PCR. The controls for this study were the un-involved conjunctival tissue of the same eye obtained during the surgical resection of the lesions. Interesting molecules were further investigated with immunohistochemistry, Western blots, and comparison with tear proteins from pterygium patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Principal component analysis in pterygium indicated a signature of matrix-related structural proteins, including fibronectin-1 (both splice-forms), collagen-1A2, keratin-12 and small proline rich protein-1. Immunofluorescence showed strong expression of keratin-6A in all layers, especially the superficial layers, of pterygium epithelium, but absent in the control, with up-regulation and nuclear accumulation of the cell adhesion molecule CD24 in the pterygium epithelium. Western blot shows increased protein expression of beta-microseminoprotein, a protein up-regulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Gene products of 22 up-regulated genes in pterygium have also been found by us in human tears using nano-electrospray-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after pterygium surgery. Recurrent disease was associated with up-regulation of sialophorin, a negative regulator of cell adhesion, and <it>never in mitosis a</it>-5, known to be involved in cell motility.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Aberrant wound healing is therefore a key process in this disease, and strategies in wound remodeling may be appropriate in halting pterygium or its recurrence. For patients demonstrating a profile of 'recurrence', it may be necessary to manage as a poorer prognostic case and perhaps, more adjunctive treatment after resection of the primary lesion.</p

Farelo integral de arroz parboilizado submetido a armazenamento prolongado para alimentação de codornas de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the oxidative stability of parboiled rice bran (PRB) during storage and the effects of its use on meat quail feeding. Two hundred forty‑five animals, with seven days of age, of both sexes, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments in a 2x2+1 factorial arrangement and seven replicates of seven chicks. The following treatments were evaluated: control diet, without PRB; and inclusion levels of 10 and 20% of 180-day-storaged PRB (SPRB) or of new PRB (NPRB) in the control diet. There was lipid oxidation of PRB during storage, the acid index was 4.25 and 63.50 (% as oleic acid) and the peroxide index was 15.64 and 38.28 meq kg-1 for NPRB and SPRB, respectively. The inclusion of PRB resulted in lower dry matter and nitrogen digestibility and in higher metabolizable energy value of feed when compared to the control diet. The inclusion of 20% SPRB resulted in lower metabolizable energy of feed than the addition of NPRB. The inclusions did not influence performance, carcass traits, relative weights of the liver and pancreas, and bone growth and quality. The SPRB, although rancid, can be used as feed for meat quail at levels up to 20% inclusion.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) durante o armazenamento e os efeitos do seu uso na alimentação de codornas de corte. Foram utilizados 245 animais com sete dias de idade, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 2x2+1, e sete repetições de sete aves. Avaliaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: dieta controle, sem adição de FIAP; e níveis de inclusão, na dieta controle, de 10 e 20% de FIAP armazenado por 180 dias (FIAPA) ou de FIAP novo (FIAPN). Houve oxidação lipídica do FIAP durante o armazenamento, e o índice de acidez foi de 4,25 e 63,50 (% em ácido oleico) e o de peróxido foi de 15,64 e 38,28 meq kg-1 para FIAPN e FIAPA, respectivamente. A inclusão do FIAP resultou em menor digestibilidade da matéria seca e do nitrogênio e em maior valor de energia metabolizável da ração, em comparação à ração controle. A inclusão de 20% de FIAPA resultou em menor energia metabolizável da ração do que a adição do FIAPN. As inclusões não influenciaram desempenho, características da carcaça, pesos relativos do fígado e do pâncreas, e crescimento e qualidade óssea. O FIAPA, mesmo com rancidez, pode ser utilizado na alimentação de codornas de corte em níveis de até 20% de inclusão

β-Microseminoprotein Endows Post Coital Seminal Plasma with Potent Candidacidal Activity by a Calcium- and pH-Dependent Mechanism

The innate immune factors controlling Candida albicans are mostly unknown. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is common in women and affects approximately 70–75% of all women at least once. Despite the propensity of Candida to colonize the vagina, transmission of Candida albicans following sexual intercourse is very rare. This prompted us to investigate whether the post coital vaginal milieu contained factors active against C. albicans. By CFU assays, we found prominent candidacidal activity of post coital seminal plasma at both neutral and the acid vaginal pH. In contrast, normal seminal plasma did not display candidacidal activity prior to acidification. By antifungal gel overlay assay, one clearing zone corresponding to a protein band was found in both post coital and normal seminal plasma, which was subsequently identified as β-microseminoprotein. At neutral pH, the fungicidal activity of β-microseminoprotein and seminal plasma was inhibited by calcium. By NMR spectroscopy, amino acid residue E71 was shown to be critical for the calcium coordination. The acidic vaginal milieu unleashed the fungicidal activity by decreasing the inhibitory effect of calcium. The candidacidal activity of β-microseminoprotein was mapped to a fragment of the C-terminal domain with no structural similarity to other known proteins. A homologous fragment from porcine β-microseminoprotein demonstrated calcium-dependent fungicidal activity in a CFU assay, suggesting this may be a common feature for members of the β-microseminoprotein family. By electron microscopy, β-microseminoprotein was found to cause lysis of Candida. Liposome experiments demonstrated that β-microseminoprotein was active towards ergosterol-containing liposomes that mimic fungal membranes, offering an explanation for the selectivity against fungi. These data identify β-microseminoprotein as an important innate immune factor active against C. albicans and may help explain the low sexual transmission rate of Candida

Cloud Computing As a Tool for Enhancing Ecological Goals?

Cloud computing has been introduced as a promising information technology (IT) that embodies not only economic advantages in terms of increased efficiency but also ecological gains through saving energy. The latter has become particularly important in view of the rising energy costs of IT. The present study analyzes whether necessary preconditions for accepting cloud computing as a new infrastructure, such as awareness and perceived net value, exist on the part of the users. The analysis is based on a combined research framework of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the technology acceptance model (TAM) in a cloud computing setting. Two consumer surveys, the one to elicit beliefs and the second to gain insight into the ranking of the variables, are employed. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the hypotheses. The results indicate support for the proposed research framework. Surprisingly however, the ecological factor does not play a role in forming cloud computing intentions, regardless of prior knowledge or experience. Empirical evidence of this study suggests increasing efforts for informing actual and potential users, particularly in respect to possible ecological advantages through applying the new IT infrastructure