A Formação da Consciência e a Transformação Social na Visão da Sociologia Clássica e Contemporânea

A presente resenha tem o propósito de expor uma análise comparativa entre as teorias de Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber e Pierre Bourdieu. Com base na obra de José Otacílio da Silva, Elementos de Sociologia Geral, e por meio de uma análise comparativa, o texto procura mostrar como a Sociologia clássica e contemporânea tratam de duas questões importantes para a análise sociológica; a formação da consciência e a transformação social. O trabalho apresentará primeiramente a discussão sobre a formação da consciência e, em seguida será exposta a discussão sobre a transformação social. Finalizando as discussões, o trabalho ostentará os aspectos mais relevantes dos temas abordados e sua importância para a sociologia

Gestão do projeto básico para procedimentos licitatórios e de contrato no Estado do Paraná

Orientador: Hamilton BonattoMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Especialização em Construção de Obras PúblicasInclui referênciasResumo: Os projetos de arquitetura e engenharia são os primeiros passos de toda obra civil, por isso, não existe execução de qualidade sem um projeto bem feito. Para o serviço público não funciona diferente, temos construções muito importantes para toda sociedade, diferentemente das construções privadas. As obras que englobam toda a Administração pública requerem atenção especial para que não haja diferenciação, além da qualidade e economia dos serviços prestados a ela, pois envolve aquisições e administração econômica dos bens públicos. De uma forma geral, o problema de má elaboração do projeto básico, englobando os projetos arquitetônico e complementares, os memoriais descritivos, as especificações técnicas, as planilhas orçamentárias e cronograma podem, principalmente nos projetos padrões, causar dificuldades todas as vezes que forem executados, trazendo um gasto significativo de dinheiro e tempo para o órgão interessado. Os possíveis erros que ocorrem no projeto básico devem ser vistos antes mesmo da fase interna dos processos de licitação, pois a partir dele transcorrerão todos os procedimentos até sua finalização. Não se pode dizer que todos os documentos técnicos serão perfeitos e com todos os detalhes necessários, pois durante uma obra podem ocorrer diversos imprevistos, entretanto ao anular possíveis erros iniciais, o transcorrer do processo terá suas modificações e divergências minimizadas trazendo apenas vantagens ao órgão solicitante. Para a gestão dos projetos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os problemas e os argumentos para implantação de um sistema de gerenciamento dos projetos fornecidos. Esse sistema visa analisar o material fornecido para o órgão solicitante, destacando a importância de existir uma coordenação e organização do material apresentado. Para a implantação de um sistema de coordenação e gerenciamento do projeto básico seria necessário utilizar o método de credenciamento de escritórios de engenharia e arquitetura, pois caberia a um profissional habilitado a análise e verificação dos documentos técnicos, trabalhando como auditor dos serviços prestado

Construção do perfil biológico e estudo de fatores individualizantes em cadáver humano brasileiro exumado de um cemitério

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Biologia.A antropologia forense, apesar de ainda incipiente no Brasil, vem tomando força a partir de suas contribuições na esfera legal, não apenas na identificação de vítimas mas também na interpretação da causa, circunstância e tempo decorrido da morte. O trabalho do antropólogo forense inicia-se com a escavação e remoção dos remanescentes ósseos, utilizando métodos arqueológicos para preservação das informações. Este estudo foi realizado com restos em quase completa esqueletização de um indivíduo exumado do cemitério municipal do Rio Vermelho em 2018, a partir de material já limpo e devidamente acondicionado. Foi realizada a análise para perfil biológico através da estimativa de sexo, idade, ancestralidade e estatura utilizando métodos métricos e morfológicos. Além disso, foram identificadas e descritas as patologias, os traumas, as variações anatômicas e os artefatos associados ao indivíduo. Com a interpretação correta destes indicadores podemos obter informações sobre locomoção, estilo de vida, intervenções cirúrgicas, dentre outras potencialidades.Forensic anthropology, even though incipient in Brazil, has been acquiring strength from its contributions in the legal sphere, not only in the identification of victims but also in the interpretation of the cause, circumstance and elapsed time of death. The work of the forensic anthropologist begins with the excavation and removal of bone remains, using archeological methods to preserve the information. This study was carried out with almost complete skeletonization remains of an individual exhumed from the municipal cemetery of Rio Vermelho in 2018, through the material already cleaned and properly packaged. The analysis was performed for biological profile, through the estimation of sex, age, ancestry and height using metric and morphological methods. In addition, pathologies, trauma, anatomical variations and artifacts associated with the individual were identify and described. With the correct interpretation of these indicators we can obtain information about locomotion, lifestyle, surgical interventions, among other possibilities

Da impenhorabilidade da pequena propriedade rural

O presente artigo adota o método dedutivo, com pesquisa bibliográfica, legislativa e jurisprudencial, e tem como objetivo discutir os impactos trazidos pelo atual posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto à impenhorabilidade da pequena propriedade rural, inclusive no caso de a propriedade ter sido ofertada em garantia pelo proprietário. Para tanto, foi realizado estudo sobre o conceito de propriedade, de pequena propriedade rural, de módulo fiscal e, por fim, foi analisado o atual entendimento adotado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal acerca da possibilidade, ou não, da penhora da pequena propriedade rural

Rapidly evolving marmoset MSMB genes are differently expressed in the male genital tract

BACKGROUND: Beta-microseminoprotein, an abundant component in prostatic fluid, is encoded by the potential tumor suppressor gene MSMB. Some New World monkeys carry several copies of this gene, in contrast to most mammals, including humans, which have one only. Here we have investigated the background for the species difference by analyzing the chromosomal organization and expression of MSMB in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). METHODS: Genes were identified in the Callithrix jacchus genome database using bioinformatics and transcripts were analyzed by RT-PCR and quantified by real time PCR in the presence of SYBR green. RESULTS: The common marmoset has five MSMB: one processed pseudogene and four functional genes. The latter encompass homologous genomic regions of 32-35 kb, containing the genes of 12-14 kb and conserved upstream and downstream regions of 14-19 kb and 3-4 kb. One gene, MSMB1, occupies the same position on the chromosome as the single human gene. On the same chromosome, but several Mb away, is another MSMB locus situated with MSMB2, MSMB3 and MSMB4 arranged in tandem. Measurements of transcripts demonstrated that all functional genes are expressed in the male genital tract, generating very high transcript levels in the prostate. The transcript levels in seminal vesicles and testis are two and four orders of magnitude lower. A single gene, MSMB3, accounts for more than 90% of MSMB transcripts in both the prostate and the seminal vesicles, whereas in the testis around half of the transcripts originate from MSMB2. These genes display rapid evolution with a skewed distribution of mutated nucleotides; in MSMB2 they affect nucleotides encoding the N-terminal Greek key domain, whereas in MSMB3 it is the C-terminal MSMB-unique domain that is affected. CONCLUSION: Callitrichide monkeys have four functional MSMB that are all expressed in the male genital tract, but the product from one gene, MSMB3, will predominate in seminal plasma. This gene and MSMB2, the predominating testicular gene, have accumulated mutations that affect different parts of the translation products, suggesting an ongoing molecular specialization that presumably yields functional differences in accessory sex glands and testis

Preparation and Characterization of P(2)BCh Ring Systems (Ch=S, Se) and Their Reactivity with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

Four-membered rings with a P2BCh core (Ch = S, Se) have been synthesized via reaction of phosphinidene chalcogenide (Ar*P=Ch) and phosphaborene (Mes*P=BNR2). The mechanistic pathways towards these rings are explained by detailed computational work that confirmed the preference for the formation of P–P, not P–B, bonded systems, which seems counterintuitive given that both phosphorus atoms contain bulky ligands. The reactivity of the newly synthesized heterocycles, as well as that of the known (RPCh)n rings (n = 2, 3), was probed by the addition of Nheterocyclic carbenes, which revealed that all investigated compounds can act as sources of low-coordinate phosphorus species.peerReviewe

The optimal starting time of postoperative intraperitoneal mitomycin-C therapy with preserved intestinal wound healing

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about the effect of the timing of intraperitoneal administration of chemotherapeutic agents on the healing of intestinal anastomosis. We have investigated the effect on intestinal wound healing of mitomycin-C administered at different times post-operatively. METHODS: Eighty-four Wistar-Albino female rats underwent ileal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. The rats were randomly selected for intraperitoneal administration of mitomycin-C or saline as follows: mitomycin-C group (n = 65), 2 mg/kg mitomycin-C; control group (n = 13), 10 ml saline. The former was sub-divided into 5 equal groups (A 1–5) and mitomycin-C was administered postoperatively as follows: day 0 (A1), day 3 (A2), day 5 (A3), day 7 (A4) and day 10 (A5). All the rats were sacrificed on the 14th postoperative day and anastomotic bursting pressures and tissue hydroxyproline levels were determined. RESULTS: Five of the animals died postoperatively: 2 (15.4%) in group A1, 2 (15.4%) in group A2 and 1(7.7%) in group A3. Non-lethal anastomotic leakage was observed in a further five animals: 1 in group A1, 2 in group A2, 1 in group A5 and 1 in the control group. Groups A1 and A2 had significantly lower anastomotic bursting pressures than the other groups (P was <0.05 for each comparison). The anastomotic bursting pressures of group A3, A4 and A5 were comparable with those of the controls (P was >0.05 for each comparison). Tissue hydroxyproline levels in group A1 and A2 were significantly lower than in the controls (P values were <0.05 for each comparison) or the other mitomycin-C sub-groups (P was <0.05 for each comparison). CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy impairs intestinal wound healing when applied before the 5th postoperative day. Additional therapeutic approaches are needed to prevent this potentially lethal side effect of early intraperitoneal mitomycin-C administration

Distinct gene subsets in pterygia formation and recurrence: dissecting complex biological phenomenon using genome wide expression data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease characterized by fibrovascular invasion of the cornea and is sight-threatening due to astigmatism, tear film disturbance, or occlusion of the visual axis. However, the mechanisms for formation and post-surgical recurrence of pterygium are not understood, and a valid animal model does not exist. Here, we investigated the possible mechanisms of pterygium pathogenesis and recurrence.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>First we performed a genome wide expression analysis (human Affymetrix Genechip, >22000 genes) with principal component analysis and clustering techniques, and validated expression of key molecules with PCR. The controls for this study were the un-involved conjunctival tissue of the same eye obtained during the surgical resection of the lesions. Interesting molecules were further investigated with immunohistochemistry, Western blots, and comparison with tear proteins from pterygium patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Principal component analysis in pterygium indicated a signature of matrix-related structural proteins, including fibronectin-1 (both splice-forms), collagen-1A2, keratin-12 and small proline rich protein-1. Immunofluorescence showed strong expression of keratin-6A in all layers, especially the superficial layers, of pterygium epithelium, but absent in the control, with up-regulation and nuclear accumulation of the cell adhesion molecule CD24 in the pterygium epithelium. Western blot shows increased protein expression of beta-microseminoprotein, a protein up-regulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Gene products of 22 up-regulated genes in pterygium have also been found by us in human tears using nano-electrospray-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry after pterygium surgery. Recurrent disease was associated with up-regulation of sialophorin, a negative regulator of cell adhesion, and <it>never in mitosis a</it>-5, known to be involved in cell motility.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Aberrant wound healing is therefore a key process in this disease, and strategies in wound remodeling may be appropriate in halting pterygium or its recurrence. For patients demonstrating a profile of 'recurrence', it may be necessary to manage as a poorer prognostic case and perhaps, more adjunctive treatment after resection of the primary lesion.</p