23 research outputs found
Loyalty Card Membership Challenge: A Study on Membership Churn and their Spending Behaviour
Understand member spending behaviour and their loyalty is important in all industries. By gaining loyalty from customers and understand how they spend, companies are able to retain their customers, increase their revenue and plan their marketing strategy to continue grow their business in a competitive business ecosystem. This research investigates member spending behaviour and membership churn for a loyalty card company in Malaysia. This research conducts exploratory analysis on three key partners registered with the company to understand their outlets’ spending activities and patterns. Meanwhile, this research also model membership churn based on the last 24 months membership data to identify factors that influence membership churn so that effective strategy can be formulated to retain active members in the company
A meta-analysis comparing 48-week treatment outcomes of single and multi-tablet antiretroviral regimens for the treatment of people living with HIV
Abstract Objectives To compare outcomes with single tablet regimens (STR) versus multi-tablet regimens (MTR) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment using published data. Design Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of literature on approved and investigational HIV regimens. Methods The research followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Single or un-blinded studies reporting a direct comparison between STR and MTR were eligible for the meta-analysis. Double-blinded studies were excluded due to lack of difference in pill burden between cohorts. The key outcomes of interest included: adherence rates/proportion meeting target, efficacy, safety/tolerability, non-clinical and economic outcomes. Results After screening 63 full-text articles and posters, 14 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that patients taking STR had improved outcomes over those taking MTR. Patients were significantly more adherent regardless of daily dosing frequency (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, p < 0.001) and were more likely to achieve virological suppression (relative risk [RR]: 1.05, p = 0.002). There was a trend toward a lower discontinuation risk in the STR cohort, together with reported higher therapy satisfaction, better symptom control, improved health status, reduced healthcare resource utilization and demonstrated cost-effectiveness compared to MTR. There were no differences in CD4 cell count increase (at 48 weeks) or safety outcomes. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm previously reported preliminary findings of the advantages of STR over MTR for HIV treatment in adherence, therapy continuation, viral suppression, tolerability, quality of life improvement, cost-effectiveness and healthcare resource utilization
Evaluation of bacteriological quality of locally produced raw and pasteurised milk in Selangor, Malaysia
High demand for milk has been observed amongst the Malaysian public. Hence, research
in milk is essential to assure food safety in milk consumption. This study evaluated the
quality of locally-produced milk and present of bacterial hazards in cow and goat milk. A
total of 120 milk samples including thirty raw cow milk, thirty pasteurized cow milk,
thirty raw goat milk and thirty pasteurised goat milk were collected from dairy farms,
delivery milkman, marts and markets in Selangor, Malaysia. The bacteriological quality of
milk was evaluated for the presence of Escherichia coli, mesophilic, and coliform bacteria.
An acceptable standard limit of < 1 x 105 CFU/mL for the total bacterial count was used to
indicate good quality of milk. Overall, all type of milk exceeded 100,000 CFU/mL. The
pasteurized raw goat milk showed the highest (7.16 log10 CFU/mL) in total plate count
while the pasteurized cow milk recorded as the lowest (5.38 log10 CFU/mL) in total plate
count. Approximately half of the milk samples were contaminated with coliform bacteria
and a proportion has exceeded the acceptable limit of 50 CFU/mL. The presence of E. coli
was detected in over 44% of the samples. Milk contaminated with the pathogenic E. coli
can cause self-limited, watery to bloody diarrhea including severe diseases like haemolytic
uremic syndrome (HUS). Hence, it is important to ensure the quality of milk for public
health safety
Discovery of N-trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Type-I RET and RET Gatekeeper Mutant Inhibitors with a Novel Kinase Binding Pose
Rearranged during transfection (RET) kinase is an attractive therapeutic target in cancers in which RET gene fusions and point mutations in the kinase domain are reported. Mutation of V804, the RET gatekeeper residue, leads to resistance to several FDA approved inhibitors. In this study, we
discovered a series of N-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives as potent inhibitors for both wt-RET and RETV804M. Enzyme kinetics indicate that these inhibitors are ATP-competitive. The X-ray structure of a representative inhibitor in complex with RET reveals that the compound binds a unique pose that bifurcates beneath the P-loop; this is the first time that such a binding pose for a kinase inhibitor is described. Moreover, this binding pose explained the ability of N-trisubstituted pyrimidine compounds of targeting RETV804M. A structure activity relationship (SAR) was performed and compound 20 was identified as a lead one, displaying potent inhibition of RET and RETV804M with IC50 of 6.20nM and 18.68nM, respectively. Additionally, compound 20 showed potent anti-proliferative activity in CCDC6-RET driven LC-2/ad lung carcinoma cells. A wound
healing assay indicated that compound 20 inhibits migration of RET mutant tumor cells. Analysis of apoptosis and RET phosphorylation indicated that such biological activities were mediated by RET inhibition. Collectively, N-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives could serve as scaffolds for
the discovery and development of potent type-I RET and its gatekeeper mutant inhibitors for the treatment of RET driven cancers
Targeted Quantification of Phosphorylation Dynamics in the Context of EGFR-MAPK Pathway
Large-scale phosphoproteomics
with coverage of over 10,000 sites
of phosphorylation have now been routinely achieved with advanced
mass spectrometry (MS)-based workflows. However, accurate targeted
MS-based quantification of phosphorylation dynamics, an important
direction for gaining quantitative understanding of signaling pathways
or networks, has been much less investigated. Herein, we report an
assessment of the targeted workflow in the context of signal transduction
pathways, using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as our model. A total of 43 phosphopeptides
from the EGFR–MAPK pathway were selected for the study. The
recovery and sensitivity of two commonly used enrichment methods,
immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and titanium oxide
(TiO<sub>2</sub>), combined with selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS
were evaluated. The recovery of phosphopeptides by IMAC and TiO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was quantified to be 38 ± 5% and 58 ±
20%, respectively, based on internal standards. Moreover, both enrichment
methods provided comparable sensitivity from 1 to 100 μg starting
peptides. Robust quantification was consistently achieved for most
targeted phosphopeptides when starting with 25–100 μg
peptides. However, the numbers of quantified targets significantly
dropped when peptide samples were in the 1–25 μg range.
Finally, IMAC-SRM was applied to quantify signaling dynamics of EGFR-MAPK
pathway in Hs578T cells following 10 ng/mL EGF treatment. The kinetics
of phosphorylation clearly revealed early and late phases of phosphorylation,
even for very low abundance proteins. These results demonstrate the
feasibility of robust targeted quantification of phosphorylation dynamics
for specific pathways, even starting with relatively small amounts
of protein