ARABIC RHETORIC: MAIN IDEA, DEVELOPMENT, PARALLELISM, AND WORD REPETITION

This thesis contributes to the body of research on Arabic rhetoric. It specifically unites research on the elements of Arabic rhetoric of: main idea, development in body paragraphs, parallelism, and word repetition. It examines the rhetorical tendencies of native Arabic-speaking students from Saudi Arabia and one way these elements of Arabic rhetoric are reflected in essays as a whole written in English by Arabic-speaking students. This thesis also addresses the issue of whether or not Arabic rhetoric may be characterized by making multiple arguments or one argument. This study found one way that the four elements are connected together and that Arabic rhetoric may be characterized by one argument from one angle. This research also establishes preliminary work for one direction further research on Arabic rhetoric and related pedagogical implications for instructors of English

ARABIC RHETORIC: MAIN IDEA, DEVELOPMENT, PARALLELISM, AND WORD REPETITION

This thesis contributes to the body of research on Arabic rhetoric. It specifically unites research on the elements of Arabic rhetoric of: main idea, development in body paragraphs, parallelism, and word repetition. It examines the rhetorical tendencies of native Arabic-speaking students from Saudi Arabia and one way these elements of Arabic rhetoric are reflected in essays as a whole written in English by Arabic-speaking students. This thesis also addresses the issue of whether or not Arabic rhetoric may be characterized by making multiple arguments or one argument. This study found one way that the four elements are connected together and that Arabic rhetoric may be characterized by one argument from one angle. This research also establishes preliminary work for one direction further research on Arabic rhetoric and related pedagogical implications for instructors of English

VARK: Linking Teaching Strategies to Preferred Learning Styles

Background: Nursing education is constantly changing in order to meet the ever-changing needs of the nursing profession. Long gone are the days of lengthy lectures and rote memorization. In order to adequately meet the demands of the profession, new and innovative teaching strategies are imperative. Students must be engaged, interested, and motivated. Unfortunately, not all teaching styles work for all students. Hallin (2014) asserts that students are more motivated and engaged when lessons are consistent with their learning style. Methods: Nursing students at a small Midwestern university were surveyed regarding various teaching strategies used by faculty within the program. Demographic data were collected, and students were asked to self-report their learning style as determined by the VARK questionnaire. Students were then asked to rate a variety of different teaching strategies and activities on a five-point Likert-type scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Researchers plan to use SPSS software to analyze the data to determine what strategies are most helpful to students with different learning styles. Data collection was completed in December 2019. Analysis will take place in January 2020; the data will be available for dissemination by March 2020. Implications for Nursing Educational Practice: Nursing faculty face the challenge of meeting the individual learning needs of all students. This research will help faculty to identify those methods that are most helpful to students. Different strategies can be utilized to ensure all learning styles are being addressed. Furthermore, those strategies that appeal to more than one learning style can be emphasized. Nursing faculty face the challenge of meeting the individual learning needs of all students. This presentation will review research designed to link teaching strategies to learning styles. This information will help faculty to identify those methods that are most helpful to students. Different strategies can be utilized to ensure all learning styles are being addressed. Furthermore, those strategies that appeal to more than one learning style can be emphasized

Improving Health Outcomes for Sexual Minorities Through Access

Introduction: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals are often reluctant to access healthcare services due to previous experiences both within and outside of healthcare (Hafeez, Zeshan, Tahir, Jahan, & Naveed, 2017; Macapagal, Bhatia, & Green, 2016). Healthy People 2020 (2018) has identified LGBTQ people as a vulnerable population susceptible to poor health outcomes. Cultural competence is defined by a healthcare provider’s desire and ability to work with a client within a cultural context (Garneau & Pepin, 2015). Cultural competence not only includes knowledge and skills of staff, but also applies to the physical environment of the clinic. The Gay and Lesbian Medical Alliance (GLMA) (n.d.) recommends displaying posters from LGBTQ non-profit organizations in the clinic lobby to convey a welcoming environment. Furthermore, all forms should be reviewed to ensure inclusive language is used throughout. The purpose of this project was to address barriers to care for sexual minorities at a student health clinic on a Midwestern university campus. Methods: To complete this project, a quasi-experimental, longitudinal approach was used. The primary instrument used in this project is the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-Revised (IAPCC-R©) tool. The IAPCC-R© is designed to measure the cultural competence of health care providers; the tool measures five areas of cultural competence including desire, awareness, knowledge, skills, and encounters using a four-point Likert scale. This survey was conducted immediately prior to the first, and immediately after the last educational session. Staff training regarding the disparities that exist among LGBTQ clients as well as research-driven methods to overcome them was provided. Meanwhile, posters and magazines that reflect the diverse patients of the clinic were added to the lobby and exam rooms. The EMR was reviewed to include multiple gender options and sexual orientations. Results: Statistically significant increases were seen in the overall mean, as well as the constructs of cultural knowledge and cultural awareness. While all other areas showed higher post-intervention mean scores, none were statistically significant The effects of the project go beyond the original goals identified by researchers. Through the collaboration with the GSA, students asked the clinic administration to consider offering Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In addition, a LGBTQ representative was added to the Health Advisory Board. This project does have limitations due to a small sample size and single site of implementation. Conclusion: This project highlights the importance of being open to considering a problem exists even if one is unaware or unaffected by it. While many initially denied there was a pressing issue regarding care of the LGBTQ client, this project opened a conversation that led to many opportunities to increase care provided to LGBTQ individuals. Methods used within this project could be implemented in clinics of any size. Keywords: LGBTQ, healthcare, access, cultural competence, health disparities, rura

Movement Proteins (BC1 and BV1) of Abutilon Mosaic Geminivirus Are Cotransported in and between Cells of Sink but Not of Source Leaves as Detected by Green Fluorescent Protein Tagging

AbstractTwo movement proteins (BV1 and BC1) facilitate the intra- and intercellular transport of begomoviruses in plants. In contrast to other geminiviruses the movement protein BC1 of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) remained in the supernatant after centrifuging plant extracts at 20,000 g. To test whether this unusual behavior results from a distinct intracellular distribution of the protein, the BC1 gene has been fused to the gene of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The resulting plasmids were delivered into nonhost plants (Allium cepa) as well as into mature and immature cells of host plants (Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana) by biolistic bombardment for transient expression in planta. BC1 directed GFP to two different cellular sites. In the majority of nonhost cells as well as in mature cells of host leaves, BC1 was mainly localized in small punctate flecks at the cell periphery or, to a lesser extent, around the nucleus. In sink leaves of host plants, GFP:BC1 additionally developed disc-like structures in the cell periphery. Cobombardment of GFP:BC1 with its cognate infectious DNA A and B did not change their subcellular distribution patterns in source leaves but led to the formation of peculiar needle-like structures in sink leaves. The nuclear shuttle protein (BV1) of AbMV accumulated mainly inside the nuclei as shown by immunohistochemical staining and GFP tagging. In sink cells of host plants it was mobilized to the plasma membrane and to the nucleus of the neighboring cell by coexpressed BC1, GFP:BC1, BC1:GFP, or after cobombardment with the cognate viral DNA. Only under these conditions were GFP:BC1 and BC1:GFP also found in the recipient cell

Characteristics of “Tip-DCs and MDSCs” and Their Potential Role in Leishmaniasis

Since the first description of dendritic cells (DCs) by Steinman and Cohn (1973), the myeloid lineage of leukocytes was investigated intensively. Nowadays it is obvious that myeloid cells, especially DCs, are crucial for the adaptive and innate immune response against intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major parasites. Based on the overlapping expression of molecules that were commonly used to classify myeloid cells, it becomes difficult to denominate those cell types precisely. Of note, most of these markers used for myeloid cell identification are expressed on a broad range of myeloid cells, and should therefore be handled with care if used for subtyping of myeloid cells. In this mini-review we aim to discuss the relative impact of DCs that release TNF and nitric oxide (Tip-DCs) and myeloid cells with suppressive capacities (myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSCs) in infectious diseases such as experimental leishmaniasis. In our point of view it cannot be excluded that the novel subsets that were denominated as “Tip-DCs” and “MDSCs” might not be classical “subsets” but rather represent myeloid cells in a transient maturation stage expressing different genes, in response to the surrounding environment

The soil-dwelling earthworm Allolobophora chlorotica modifies its burrowing behaviour in response to carbendazim applications

Carbendazim-amended soil was placed above or below unamended soil. Control tests comprised two layers of unamended soil. Allolobophora chlorotica earthworms were added to either the upper or the unamended soil. After 72 h vertical distributions of earthworms were compared between control and carbendazim-amended experiments. Earthworm distributions in the carbendazim-amended test containers differed significantly from the ‘normal’ distribution observed in the control tests. In the majority of the experiments, earthworms significantly altered their burrowing behaviour to avoid carbendazim. However, when earthworms were added to an upper layer of carbendazim-amended soil they remained in this layer. This non-avoidance is attributed to (1) the earthworms’ inability to sense the lower layer of unamended soil and (2) the toxic effect of carbendazim inhibiting burrowing. Earthworms modified their burrowing behaviour in response to carbendazim in the soil. This may explain anomalous results observed in pesticide field trials when carbendazim is used as a control substance

On long-term ozone trends at Hohenpeissenberg

More than 2000 ozone soundings and a large number of Dobson observations have been performed since 1967 in a unique procedure. The achieved very homogeneous data sets were used to evaluate significant long-term trends both in the troposphere and the stratosphere. The trend amounts to about plus 2 percent per year in the troposphere and to about minus 0.5 percent per year in the stratosphere. Extremely low ozone records obtained during winter 1991/92 are discussed in the light of the long term series. The winter mean of the ozone column is the lowest one of the series. The ozone deficit occurred mainly in the lower stratosphere. One cause may be the Pinatubo cloud. Even compared with the extreme winter mean following the El Chichon eruption the ozone content was lower. Additionally ozone was reduced by dynamical effects due to unusual weather situations

Developing low-cost, reusable solar observation platforms to advance sustainable heliophysics research

The objective of this paper is to describe a methodology for cheaper solar observation, which would make it available to research institutions of all sizes. This is done through the use of low cost, reusable components, innovative manufacturing and by using high altitude balloons to transport the payload. The aims of the project are to produce clear, sharp images of the solar chromosphere. This proves that it is possible to produce research-grade images without the need for expensive alternatives such as adaptive optics on ground telescopes or satellites. As well as discussing the technical points of the project, the paper will discuss the technical hurdles encountered before this design iteration and how these have been overcome. The other aims of the project are to facilitate students introduction to the space industry and allow them to practice their skills in a practical manner. This is very different from the work done theoretically in the classroom and exposes students to the challenges of working in industrial teams