286 research outputs found
Redox sulfur chemistry of the copper chaperone Atox1 is regulated by the enzyme glutaredoxin 1, the reduction potential of the glutathione couple GSSG/2GSH and the availability of Cu(I)
Glutaredoxins have been characterised as enzymes regulating the redox status of protein thiols via cofactors GSSG/GSH. However, such a function has not been demonstrated with physiologically relevant protein substrates in in vitro experiments. Their active sites frequently feature a Cys-xx-Cys motif that is predicted not to bind metal ions. Such motifs are also present in copper-transporting proteins such as Atox1, a human cytosolic copper metallo-chaperone. In this work, we present the first demonstration that: (i) human glutaredoxin 1 (hGrx1) efficiently catalyses interchange of the dithiol and disulfide forms of the Cys(12)-xx-Cys(15) fragment in Atox1 but does not act upon the isolated single residue Cys(41); (ii) the direction of catalysis is regulated by the GSSG/2GSH ratio and the availability of Cu(I); (iii) the active site Cys(23)-xx-Cys(26) in hGrx1 can bind Cu(I) tightly with femtomolar affinity (K(D) = 10(-15.5) M) and possesses a reduction potential of E(o)\u27 = -118 mV at pH 7.0. In contrast, the Cys(12)-xx-Cys(15) motif in Atox1 has a higher affinity for Cu(I) (K(D) = 10(-17.4) M) and a more negative potential (E(o)\u27 = -188 mV). These differences may be attributed primarily to the very low pKa of Cys23 in hGrx1 and allow rationalisation of conclusion (ii) above: hGrx1 may catalyse the oxidation of Atox1(dithiol) by GSSG, but not the complementary reduction of the oxidised Atox1(disulfide) by GSH unless Cu(aq)(+) is present at a concentration that allows binding of Cu(I) to reduced Atox1 but not to hGrx1. In fact, in the latter case, the catalytic preferences are reversed. Both Cys residues in the active site of hGrx1 are essential for the high affinity Cu(I) binding but the single Cys(23) residue only is required for the redox catalytic function. The molecular properties of both Atox1 and hGrx1 are consistent with a correlation between copper homeostasis and redox sulfur chemistry, as suggested by recent cell experiments. These proteins appear to have evolved the features necessary to fill multiple roles in redox regulation, Cu(I) buffering and Cu(I) transport
Observation of B+ -> Dbar*0 tau+ nu_tau and Evidence for B+ -> Dbar^0 tau+ nu_tau at Belle
We present measurements of B+ -> Dbar*0 tau+ nu_tau and B+ -> Dbar^0 tau+
nu_tau decays in a data sample of 657 x 10^6 BBbar pairs collected with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We find
446^{+58}_{-56} events of the decay B+ -> Dbar*0 tau+ nu_tau with a
significance of 8.1 standard deviations, and 146^{+42}_{-41} events of the
decay B+ -> Dbar0 tau+ nu_tau with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations.
The latter signal provides the first evidence for this decay mode. The measured
branching fractions are B(B+ -> Dbar*0 tau+ nu_tau)=(2.12^{+0.28}_{-0.27}
(stat) +- 0.29 (syst)) % and B(B+ -> Dbar0 tau+ nu_tau)=(0.77 +- 0.22 (stat) +-
0.12 (syst)) %.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Measurement of Inclusive Radiative B-meson Decays with a Photon Energy Threshold of 1.7 GeV
Using 605/fb of data collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance we present a
measurement of the inclusive radiative B-meson decay channel, B to X_s gamma.
For the lower photon energy thresholds of 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0GeV, as defined
in the rest frame of the B-meson, we measure the partial branching fraction and
the mean and variance of the photon energy spectrum. At the 1.7GeV threshold we
obtain the partial branching fraction BF(B to X_s gamma) = (3.45 +/- 0.15 +/-
0.40) x 10^-4, where the errors are statistical and systematic.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Measurements of Charmless Hadronic b->s Penguin Decays in the pi+pi-K+pi- Final State and First Observation of B0 -> rho0K+pi-
We report measurements of charmless hadronic B^0 decays into the pi+pi-K+pi+
final state. The analysis uses a sample of 657x10^6 BBbar pairs collected with
the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the Y(4S)
resonance. The decay B^0 -> rho0 Kpi is observed for the first time; the
significance is 5.0sigma and the corresponding partial branching fraction for
M_Kpi in (0.75,1.20) GeV/c^2 is [2.8 +- 0.5(stat) +-0.5(syst)] x 10^{-6}. We
also obtain the first evidence for B^0 -> f0Kpi with 3.5sigma significance and
for B^0 -> pi+pi-K*0 with 4.5sigma significance. For the two-body decays B^0 ->
rho0K*0 and B^0 -> f0K*0, the significances are 2.7sigma and 2.5sigma,
respectively, and the upper limits on the branching fractions are 3.4x10^{-6}
and 2.2x10^{-6} at 90% confidence level.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. accepted by PRD(RC
Measurement Of |V_ub| From Inclusive Charmless Semileptonic B Decays
We present the partial branching fraction for inclusive charmless
semileptonic B decays and the corresponding value of the CKM matrix element
|Vub|, using a multivariate analysis method to access ~90% of the B -> Xu l nu
phase space. This approach dramatically reduces the theoretical uncertainties
from the b-quark mass and non-perturbative QCD compared to all previous
inclusive measurements. The results are based on a sample of 657 million B
-Bbar pairs collected with the Belle detector. We find that Delta BR(B -> Xu l
nu; p^*B_l>1.0 GeV/c=1.963 x (1 +/- 0.088(stat.) +/- 0.081(sys.)) x 10^-3.
Corresponding values of |Vub| are extracted using several theoretical
calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. Published in PR
Search for the X(1812) in
We report on a search for the X(1812) state in the decay with a data sample of pairs collected
with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. No significant signal is
observed. An upper limit (90% C.L.) is determined. We also constrain the
three-body decay branching fraction to be 1.9 (90% C.L.).Comment: 5pages,2 figures(3 figure files). submitted to PRD(RC
Search for Lepton Flavor and Lepton Number Violating tau Decays into a Lepton and Two Charged Mesons
We search for lepton flavor and lepton number violating tau decays into a
lepton (ell = electron or muon) and two charged mesons (h,h' = pi^\pm or
K^\pm), tau- -> ell-h+h'- and tau- -> ell+h-h'-, using 671 fb^{-1} of data
collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.
We obtain 90% C.L. upper limits on the branching fractions in the range
(4.4-8.8)x10^{-8} for tau -> ehh', and (3.3-16)x10^{-8} for tau -> muhh'
processes. These results improve upon previously published upper limits by
factors between 1.6 to 8.8.Comment: 15 page, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Measurement of CP violating asymmetries in B^0 -> K^+K^- K^0_S decays with a time-dependent Dalitz approach
We report a measurement of violating asymmetries in decays with a time-dependent Dalitz approach. This analysis
is based on a data sample of pairs accumulated
at the resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB
asymmetric-energy collider. As the result of an unbinned maximum
likelihood fit to the selected candidates, the mixing-induced and direct
violation parameters, and are obtained for
, and other decays. We find four solutions that describe the data. There are
\{eqnarray*} \phi_1^{\rm eff}(B^0\to \phi(1020) K^0_S) & = & (32.2 \pm 9.0 \pm
2.6 \pm 1.4)^{\circ}; \phi_1^{\rm eff}(B^0\to \phi(1020) K^0_S) & = & (26.2 \pm
8.8 \pm 2.7 \pm 1.2)^{\circ};\\ \phi_1^{\rm eff}(B^0\to \phi(1020) K^0_S) & = &
(27.3 \pm 8.6 \pm 2.8 \pm 1.3)^{\circ}\; {\rm and}\\ \phi_1^{\rm eff}(B^0\to
\phi(1020) K^0_S) & = & (24.3 \pm 8.0 \pm 2.9 \pm 5.2)^{\circ}.{eqnarray*}\ The
values for the violating phase in are similar
but other properties of the Dalitz plot are quite different for the four
solutions. These four solutions have consistent values for
all three meson decay channels and none of them deviates significantly from
the values measured in decays with the currently
available statistics. In addition, we find no significant direct
violation.Comment: submitted to PR
Measurement of CP asymmetries in decays
We report measurements of CP violation parameters in
decays based on a data sample of pairs collected
with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider. We
use decays for both mixing-induced and direct
violating asymmetry measurements and decays for the
direct CP violation measurement. The CP violation parameters obtained are and
. The
branching fraction of decay is measured to be
. The observed value
differs by 1.9 standard deviations from the value expected from an isospin sum
rule.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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