Die Gene der (1-Methylalkyl)succinat-Synthase im anaeroben n-Alkanabbau des Betaproteobakteriums Stamm HxN1

The betaproteobacterial strain HxN1 completely oxidizes the n-alkanes pentane to octane under denitrifying conditions. The activation of n-alkanes is catalyzed by the glycyl radical enzyme (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase, whose encoding mas genes are organized in an operon in strain HxN1. In this study, a genetic system for strain HxN1 was developed. The deletion of masD, encoding the catalytic subunit of the enzyme, revealed the presence of a second identical mas operon in strain HxN1. The physiological characterization of the mutant confirmed in vivo the anaerobic activation of n-alkanes by (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase. The phenotype was restored by complementation with the entire mas operon. Regarding regulation, the mas operon was induced by several hydrocarbons and expression was not inhibited in the presence of a carboxylic acid or a sugar as second carbon source. Furthermore, it was attempted to crystallize the (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase of strain HxN1

Transformation: The Bright Line Between Commercial Publicity Rights and the First Amendment

The Right of Publicity provides to each and every person the right to use his or her persona for his or her benefit and provides a cause of action to stop the unauthorized use of that persona for commercial purposes. This right is one of the many provided by the laws of unfair competition. Infringement of this right has become a frequently pleaded count made by attorneys who are trying to protect their clients from the unauthorized use of the client’s persona for commercial purposes. While the genesis of the right has been commonly thought to be a splintering from the Right to Privacy, which in turn owes its birth to an article in a Harvard Law Journal in 1890, it may be more accurate to say that it has long been a common law right and has a common origin in trademark law as a commercial fraud. Originally, the Right of Publicity was thought to protect only the unauthorized use of a person’s name, likeness and image. Now, however, it is generally understood to encompass any personal attribute that identifies a particular person. For ease of discussion, that identity is referred to as the individual’s persona. The identifying attribute may be the individual’s name, likeness, image, voice, unique property identified with a person, or recognizable attire and “look,” unique to a person and by which he or she is known. The use of the Right of Publicity as a separate count in a complaint has become sufficiently common that it can now be said that it has come of age. Of course, there are still those who refuse to accept that the right grew in an appropriate fashion, and consider it to be like Topsy, arriving without any identifiable parentage. Whatever its origin, the reality is that it is here and that, in the last ten years, it has been separately pled and discussed in at least seventy-five different reported federal court cases

Perspectivas del desarrollo de la tintorería

Presenta la técnica del proceso de dosificación ADC, más conocido en las publicaciones técnicas como Remazol Automet, donde se reseña las ventajas del mismo.It presents the technique of the ADC dosing process, better known in technical publications such as Remazol Automet, where the advantages of it are outlined.Remazol Automet -- Curvas de agotamiento y fijación -- ADC 100 -- El tema de la temperatura de tintura tiene importancia -- Características de fijación para colorantes Remazol.naPrograma Nacional Textil 20 años23 página

Predicting airborne SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk with CFD

The COVID-19 pandemic caused enormous human and financial losses in 2020 - 2023. In addition, the protective measures to contain the spread of infection have limited the freedom of the population in their daily lives. Although the immunization of the population through infection and vaccination has significantly reduced the burden of disease, new mutations or entirely new pathogens are likely to emerge that could trigger another pandemic. In order to implement targeted protective measures, the first step is to identify the hotspots of transmission. In a second step, technical devices or behavioral rules can then be used. Be-cause technical devices can be expensive and behavioral rules can restrict the freedom of those affected, the effectiveness of these measures should be evaluated before they are made mandatory for millions of people. Infection risk models can be used to compare the risk of infection in different situations, for example, in a bar and on a long-distance train, to identify hotspots of transmission. In addi-tion, infection risk models can be used to estimate the effectiveness of countermeasures. Therefore, we presented a direct infection risk model in Webner et al. (2024)

Iowa High School Principals’ Perceptions of the Effect of Collective Bargaining on Selected Teacher Behaviors

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if Iowa high school principals, in the early months of the 1976-1977 contract implementation and after the negotiations of the preceding year, believed that the collective bargaining process or results affected teacher behavior. The responses of 73 randomly selected principals in Iowa indicated that, in fact, they believed collective bargaining had affected the behavior of teachers in at least nine areas. Although individual differences existed, the following behaviors, affected in the indicated manner, were generally regarded as having a positive influence on the operation of the school: 1. Aids in planning or expresses views on in-service programs: an increase. 2. Observes established lines of communication relative to school matters: an increase. Three of the nine behaviors regarded as having been affected by collective bargaining were found to exert a negative influence on the operation of the school: 1. Willingly accepts out-of-class assignments and responsibilities such as supervision of extra-curricular activities and hallway supervision: a decrease. 2. Demonstrates a positive and cooperative attitude toward cocurricular activities such as athletics, speech and music in which the teacher is not directly involved: a decrease. 3. Attends school functions when attendance is not required: a decrease. iii Iowa principals did not agree on what influence the remaining four affected behaviors had on the operation of the school. 1. Actively participates in education association or union activities: an increase. 2. Expresses views on or participates in development of school policy relating to such matters as curriculum and materials, services to teachers, class load, academic freedom, and teacher evaluation: an increase. 3. Participates in political activity in order to have some influence on educational legislation: an increase. 4. Recognizes the role and responsibilities of the principal as an instructional leader: widespread disagreement concerning increase or decrease. The patterns established by the principals\u27 responses provided a certain predictability on the basis of school district enrollment. Principals from larger school districts tended to identify fewer teacher behaviors as having been affected by collective bargaining and generally regarded those effects as having a more negative influence on the operation of the school than did their counterparts from smaller school districts

Die Berücksichtigung von Gesundheit in deutschen (Sport‑)Curricula = Consideration of health in German (sports) curricula

Hintergrund. Gesundheit stellt in Deutschland kein Schulfach an allgemeinbildenden Schulen dar und dennoch soll schulische Bildung einen Beitrag zur Gesundheitsförderung leisten. Die Auslegung dieser Zielsetzung reicht von einer gesundheitsförderlichen Wirkung durch Bewegung per se bis zum Anspruch eines reflexiven Gesundheitsverständnisses, das sich durch das Konstrukt Health Literacy (HL) beschreiben lässt. Ziel der Arbeit und Methode. Zur Prüfung, inwieweit ein reflexives Gesundheitsverständnis in der schulischen Bildung Deutschlands gemäß HL-Ansatz angelegt ist, werden 33 gegenwärtig gültige Kerncurricula allgemeinbildender Schulen in Deutschland inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse. Vor allemder Biologie- und der Sportunterricht ab dem Primarbereich zielen auf eine Förderung gesundheitsbezogener Kompetenzen ab. Die Analyse ergibt, dass eine sportmotorisch ausgerichtete und somit handlungsorientierte Förderung von HL im Fach Sport dominiert. Darüber hinaus soll der Sportunterricht nur in wenigen Bundesländern gleichermaßen zum Verstehen, Auswerten, Kommunizieren und Entscheiden hinsichtlich dieser Inhalte anregen. Schlussfolgerung. Es bleibt unklar, ob gesundheitsbezogene Inhalte im Zentrum des Unterrichts stehen sollen oder der Gesundheitsbezug lediglich als Etikett dient. Dennoch birgt v. a. der Sportunterricht das Potenzial, Heranwachsende frühzeitig und umfassend für gesundheitsbezogene Themen zu sensibilisieren

Sensitivity analysis of threshold parameters in slug detection algorithms

Slug flow is a common flow pattern in pipelines that is often accompanied by undesirable effects like vibrations, pressure loss, and corrosion. Since these effects correlate with slug frequency, various attempts to predict this parameter by empirical or semi-empirical methods have been undertaken in the past. However, significant mismatches between these predictions can be observed. In this work, different slug frequency calculation methods have been applied to simulation data to investigate the sensitivity of threshold parameters that are often used in slug detection algorithms. The findings reveal that the detection of slugs from liquid holdup data is highly sensitive to these thresholds. Aeration of the liquid phase causes the gas-liquid interface to be less distinct and requires an adaption of the thresholds to the degree of aeration. In contrast, slug detection algorithms based on frequency analysis are robust to small deviations of the liquid level but fail to properly discriminate between slugs and waves. Our investigations show that slug frequency strongly depends on the method chosen for the determination of the liquid level. We propose new approaches that are less susceptible to aeration and approximate the liquid level very close to the authors’ human judgment

A Direct Infection Risk Model for CFD Predictions and its Application to SARS-CoV-2 Aircraft Cabin Transmission

Current models to determine the risk of airborne disease infection are typically based on a backward quantification of observed infections, leading to uncertainties, e.g., due to the lack of knowledge whether the index person was a super-spreader. In contrast, the present work presents a forward infection risk model that calculates the inhaled dose of infectious virus based on the virus emission rate of an emitter and a prediction of Lagrangian particle trajectories using CFD, taking both the residence time of individual particles and the biodegradation rate into account. The estimation of the dose-response is then based on data from human challenge studies. Considering the available data for SARS-CoV-2 from the literature, it is shown that the model can be used to estimate the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the cabin of a Do728 single-aisle aircraft. However, the virus emission rate during normal breathing varies between different studies and also by about two orders of magnitude within one and the same study. A sensitivity analysis shows that the uncertainty in the input parameters leads to uncertainty in the prediction of the infection risk, which is between 0 and 12 infections among 70 passengers. This highlights the importance and challenges in terms of superspreaders for risk prediction, which are difficult to capture using standard backward calculations. Further, biological decay was found to have no significant impact on the risk of infection for SARS-CoV-2 in the considered aircraft cabin