Comparative Analysis of Practice Research in Australia and the UK : The Shift to Practice-driven Research

Australia and the UK share many historic connections. These connections have influenced developments in welfare systems, and the bi-directional migration of social work practitioners between Australia and the UK has helped to support the sharing of knowledge in social work education, research and practice. However, developments in practice research in both countries has largely been influenced by local activity rather than cross-national collaboration, though there have been similar growth trajectories. This article uses a comparative case study methodology to analyse the development of practice research in Australia and the UK since the Salisbury Statement on social work practice research. Each case study explores and provides examples of the nature of the relationship between practitioners and academic researchers; how practice questions are generated; how methodologies are selected; how data are collected within social work practice and the impact of practice research on practice in both countries. The comparative analysis provides a unique insight into how local, and often small, projects provide a more significant narrative about the creation of knowledge in social work practice. These insights have the potential to inform and stimulate the development of practice research in other countries which are earlier in the journey towards practice-driven research

Adaptation of Connecting People to address loneliness and social isolation in university students: a feasibility study

University student mental health and wellbeing is a concern, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Loneliness and social isolation are drivers of student mental health problems, amenable to intervention. Connecting People was developed and piloted in health and social care services to support people to enhance their social connections. This paper reports results of a pre-post, single-group evaluation of training provided to 105 people supporting students in a UK university, and the feasibility of using a Connecting People adaptation to reduce student social isolation. Trainee confidence in supporting socially isolated students increased after training and remained high six months post-training. Positive feedback included students making new friends, and helping trainees to break down tackling loneliness and social isolation into manageable steps. Further evaluation is required to test effectiveness, but the model appears feasible to use at minimal cost, and may offer a suitable model to alleviate student social isolation

Practitioner opinions of crisis plans within early intervention in psychosis services : a mixed methods study

The efficacy of crisis planning in mental health services is contested. As recovery and self‐management are core to Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services and the Care Programme Approach (CPA), the views of EIP practitioners of the most useful aspects of crisis planning can inform this vital aspect of practice. We conducted a mixed methods study using a national cross‐sectional survey (n = 70) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 12) with EIP practitioners in England in 2019. Data were analysed using non‐parametric tests and thematic analysis. A Joint Crisis Plan (JCP) template was used as a benchmark to judge current practice by (Sutherby et al., 1999; Henderson et al., 2004; Thornicroft et al., 2013). The most useful crisis plan themes identified by practitioners included early warning signs, triggers and helpful treatments, although not all elements were considered useful. Additionally, the interviews identified that collaboration with clients, carers and other services; personalisation; and self‐management were all considered important in effective crisis planning. The practitioners also identified barriers to effective crisis planning, such as the electronic records system, lack of time and lack of available service provision. The research highlighted the important aspects of EIP and was significant in impacting the service and wider EIP network further. While crisis planning is a significant part of EIP, it does not appear to be consistently applied in practice. Fully implementing collaborative crisis planning in EIP services may require changes to policy, practice and local systems to ensure that crisis planning is as effective as possible

Systematic Review of Service User and Carer Involvement in Qualifying Social Work Education : A Decade in Retrospect

Service user and carer involvement in social work education is well established in the UK and other countries. There has however been limited research on the outcomes of this for social work practice and its subsequent impact on service users and carers. This has been noted in a previous systematic review involving one of the current authors. The current review aimed to synthesise literature from the previous decade (2011–2020) and follows on from the earlier review. PRISMA scoping review guidelines were followed and twenty-eight papers met the inclusion criteria that were framed. Data were extracted and tabulated according to the framework for the evaluation of educational programmes used in the previous review and analysed using narrative synthesis. A ten-item critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the rigour of all papers. The findings were similar to the earlier review. Most studies were from the UK and few evaluated change in students’ skills or subsequent practice; none evaluated subsequent outcomes for service users and carers. All stakeholders were positive about the perceived benefits of service user and care involvement. Future research needs to use more robust evaluation methodologies and evaluate skills development for students and outcomes for service users and carers

A review of social participation interventions for people with mental health problems

Purpose: The association between social networks and improved mental and physical health is well documented in the literature, but mental health services rarely routinely intervene to improve an individual’s social network. This review summarises social participation intervention models to illustrate different approaches which practitioners use, highlight gaps in the evidence base and suggest future directions for research. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted and social participation interventions were grouped into six categories using a modified narrative synthesis approach. Results: 19 interventions from 14 countries were identified, six of which were evaluated using a randomised controlled trial. They were grouped together as: individual social skills training; group skills training; supported community engagement; group-based community activities; employment interventions and peer support interventions. Social network gains appear strongest for supported community engagement interventions but, overall, evidence was limited. Conclusions: The small number of heterogeneous studies included in this review, which were not quality appraised, tentatively suggest that social participation interventions may increase individuals’ social networks. Future research needs to use experimental designs with sufficient samples and follow-up periods longer than twelve months to enable us to make firm recommendations for mental health policy or practice

Implementing motivational interviewing in adult mental health social work practice: an analysis of postgraduate student assessed placement reports

Motivational interviewing is commonly taught on social work qualifying programmes as it is a core skill which practitioners can use in a variety of practice settings. However, the extent to which students can apply it in their practice learning placements is rarely evaluated. This paper reports a content analysis of a random selection of postgraduate social work students’ practice learning placement reports (n = 16) to assess the extent to which they were able to apply it in their practice. The findings revealed many examples of students’ adherence to motivational interviewing principles and practice, facilitated by their self-reported knowledge and confidence in using the approach. However, the analysis also found some students who struggled to utilize it because of a poor understanding or a practice context that mitigated against its use. Therefore, although it is possible to train social work students to use motivational interviewing in their practice learning, further evaluations are required to assess their use of it in their post-qualifying practice and the outcomes of this for service users

Helping people with psychosis to expand their social networks: the stakeholders’ views

Background People with psychosis experience more social isolation than any other diagnostic group and have smaller social networks than the general population. This isolation can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. No direct, standardised interventions have been developed to specifically target this issue. Stakeholders input appears crucial in the process of developing such an intervention. This study aimed to identify the main considerations when developing an intervention aiming to reduce social isolation in people with psychosis. Methods Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with patients, carers and mental health staff. Data was thematically analysed. Results Thirty four patients with psychosis, 26 carers of people experiencing psychosis and 22 mental health professionals participated in the study. Suggested aspects to be considered in a novel intervention were: i) finding and training the right staff member; ii) discussing negative social attitudes and patients’ previous negative experiences, iii) addressing personal ambivalence; iv) establishing how best to provide information about social activities; v) facilitating access to social activities, vi) striking a balance between support and independence. Conclusion The suggestions identified can help to develop more targeted approaches to reduce social isolation within this patient group. A patient-centred approach and generic communication skills appear to be underpinning most of the helpful elements identified, whilst specific techniques and skills can help to overcome negative past experiences and motivational barriers

Community-Enhanced Social Prescribing: Integrating Community in Policy and Practice

The NHS Plan is introducing social prescribing link workers into GP surgeries in England. The link workers connect people to non-health resources in the community and voluntary sector, with the aim of meeting individual needs beyond the capacity of the NHS. Social prescribing models focus on enhancing individual wellbeing, guided by the policy of universal personalised care. However, they largely neglect the capacity of communities to meet individual need, particularly in the wake of a decade of austerity. We propose a model of community enhanced social prescribing (CESP) which has the potential to improve both individual and community wellbeing. CESP combines two evidence-informed models – Connected Communities and Connecting People – to address both community capacity and individual need. CESP requires a literacy of community which recognises the importance of communities to individuals and the importance of engaging with, and investing in, communities. When fully implemented the theory of change for CESP is hypothesised to improve both individual and community wellbeing