New Distribution Records for Minnesota Odonata

Several Minnesota state record Odonata, Aeshna subarctica, Ophiogomphus anomalus, Stylogomphus albistylus, Stylurus scudderi, and Coenagrion interrogatum are reported, along with notes on the distribution and habitat of Aeshna sitchensis. New county records for Minnesota Odonata are also reported

A review of research in rotor loads

The research accomplished in the area of rotor loads over the last 13 to 14 years is reviewed. The start of the period examined is defined by the 1973 AGARD Milan conference and the 1974 hypothetical rotor comparison. The major emphasis of the review is research performed by the U.S. Army and NASA at their laboratories and/or by the industry under government contract. For the purpose of this review, two main topics are addressed: rotor loads prediction and means of rotor loads reduction. A limited discussion of research in gust loads and maneuver loads is included. In the area of rotor loads predictions, the major problem areas are reviewed including dynamic stall, wake induced flows, blade tip effects, fuselage induced effects, blade structural modeling, hub impedance, and solution methods. It is concluded that the capability to predict rotor loads has not significantly improved in this time frame. Future progress will require more extensive correlation of measurements and predictions to better understand the causes of the problems, and a recognition that differences between theory and measurement have multiple sources, yet must be treated as a whole. There is a need for high-quality data to support future research in rotor loads, but the resulting data base must not be seen as an end in itself. It will be useful only if it is integrated into firm long-range plans for the use of the data

Participation, Preferences, and Characteristics of Outlying-Cabin Users in Alaska National Forests

The development and management of public-use cabins have been planned, or at least considered, by several federal and state agencies in Alaska. This bulletin reports the results of a pilot study of the cabin program of the U.S. Forest Service. There are problems of aggregated data which did not allow for detailed analysis; however, the report does provide an overview of the Forest Service outlying cabin program-who uses it, how they use it, and how they feel about it. The manager should be careful in applying the results without consideration of the total recreational spectrum, i.e., where the cabin program fits within this spectrum, and its cost in terms of other recreation opportunities that may be specified. It is the opinion of the authors that it would be unwise to simply mass reproduce the outlying cabin program in all areas having periods of inclement weather. The study sampled only cabin users-not all users or potential users of the particular landscape setting. To over-emphasize an expanded cabin program would reduce the continuum of opportunities. While subsequent studies of the cabin user population would likely find this group to prefer the new program, the users who did not prefer it or who were unwilling to adopt to new conditions would have been displaced. Thus, while the results have some direct applicability, it is also important to consider the maintenance of the continuum of recreational opportunities, only one portion of which is covered by outlying cabins

Modeling the electromagnetic properties of the SCUBA-2 detectors

SCUBA-2 is the next-generation replacement for SCUBA (Sub-millimetre Common User Bolometer Array) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Operating at 450 and 850 microns, SCUBA-2 fills the focal plane of the telescope with fully-sampled, monolithic bolometer arrays. Each SCUBA-2 pixel uses a quarter-wave slab of silicon with an implanted resistive layer and backshort as an absorber and a superconducting transition edge sensor as a thermometer. In order to verify and optimize the pixel design, we have investigated the electromagnetic behaviour of the detectors, using both a simple transmission-line model and Ansoft HFSS, a finite-element electromagnetic simulator. We used the transmission line model to fit transmission measurements of doped wafers and determined the correct implant dose for the absorbing layer. The more detailed HFSS modelling yielded some unexpected results which led us to modify the pixel design. We also verified that the detectors suffered little loss of sensitivity for off-axis angles up to about 30 degrees.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, SPIE Glasgow 21-25 June 2004, Conference 549

A Method for Measuring the Spectral Normal Emittance in Air of A Variety of Materials Having Stable Emittance Characteristics

A method and apparatus is described for the measurement of spectral normal emittance in air of a variety of materials. The system permits measurements to be performed over a wavelength region of 1.0 through 15.0 microns and over a temperature range of 600F to 1,8000F with an accuracy of 5.0 percent. The advantages of this system are described. Results obtained by this system are compared with results reported by another observer using a different technique

The use of aerial photographs for estimating school sizes of cetaceans

ENGLISH: The accuracy and precision of dolphin school size estimates based on aerial photograph counts were examined using data collected on recent aerial and ship surveys. These estimates were found to be accurate during a 1979research cruise aboard a tuna purse-seiner; dolphin schools were photographed from the ship’s helicopter, encircled with the purse-seine, and then counted as the dolphins were released from the net. A comparison of photographic estimates with these counts indicated that the relationship was fairly close and gave no indication of significantly differing from 1:1. During a 1980 aerial study, photographic estimates from different schools, passes, and camera formats were compared and were found to be quite precise with a standard deviation of approximately 60/0 of school size. Photographic estimates were also compared with estimates made by aerial observers. Most observers tended to underestimate school size, particularly for large schools. The variability among observers was high, indicating that observers should be individually calibrated. SPANISH: Se examinó la exactitud y la precisión de las estimaciones de la magnitud de los cardúmenes de delfines basadas en el cálculo de las fotografías aéreas, usando los datos obtenidos en los últimos reconocimientos aéreos y de los barcos. En 1979, durante un crucero de investigación en un cerquero atunero, se encontró que estas estimaciones eran acertadas; se fotografiaron los cardúmenes de delfines desde un helicóptero del barco, cercados con la red y luego se contaron a medida que se libraban los delfines de la red. Una comparación de las estimaciones fotográficas con estos cálculos indicó que la relación era bastante aproximada y no hubo indicación que se diferenció significativamente de la razón 1:1. Durante un estudio aéreo en 1980, se compararon las estimaciones fotográficas de diferentes del cardúmenes, en los pases y los formatos de las cámaras y se encontró que eran bastante precisos, con una desviación normal de cerca del 60/0 de la magnitud cardumen. Se compararon también las estimaciones fotográficas con las estimaciones realizadas por los observadores aéreos. La mayoría de los observadores tienden a subestimar la magnitud de los cardúmenes, especialmente los cardúmenes grandes. La variabilidad entre los observadores fue elevada, lo que indica que se deben calibrar individualmente los datos de observadores. (PDF contains 39 pages.

Access to antenatal blood pressure measurement in Malawi

Aim To identify service side factors associated with access to antenatal blood pressure measurement at health facilities in Malawi. Methods Secondary data analysis of 1499 observations of antenatal consultations undertaken in the Service Provision Assessment survey 2013-14, a census of all formal health facilities in the country. Results Differentials in access to antenatal blood pressure measurements by client age or educational status and provider gender or in-service training did not reach statistical significance although clinically important effects cannot be excluded. There was substantial variation among districts, ranging from 14% to 100% of observed consultations. Facilities in the Central and Southern regions had lower odds of providing blood pressure measurement relative to the Northern region (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.30 and 0.11, 95% 0.04 to 0.31 respectively). Facilities affiliated to the Christian Health Association of Malawi and facilities under private management had higher odds of provision relative to government facilities (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.71 to 6.11 and 5.77, 95% CI 1.87 to 17.79 respectively). Where observed consultations included taking the client’s weight and measuring the symphysis-fundus height, the odds of blood pressure measurement were significantly increased (OR 6.4, 95% CI 3.32 to 12.34 and 1.71, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.88 respectively). Conclusion An indicator for effective coverage, the proportion of antenatal visits that included blood pressure measurement, recorded in health passports examined at the time of admission for delivery, should be tested for incorporation into the District Health Information System to enable tracking of quality improvement in antenatal care. Further research is needed to elucidate the reasons for the variations identified here

The Crawfordsville and Knightstown Moraines in Indiana

Indiana Geological Survey Report of Progress 28The main advance of glacial ice into central Indiana during Wisconsin time had two distinct pulsations within a span of about 1,000 years. The first, about 21,000 years ago, reached farthest south and built the segmented Shelbyville Moraine near its margin. After this first advance, the ice melted somewhat and then readvanced to a new position a few miles short of its previous position about 20,000 years ago. Because the readvance crossed and buried the Champaign and Bloomington Moraines, these names should not be used for any of the few moraines that can be traced eastward out of the interlobate complex in west-central Indiana. The name Crawfordsville Moraine is proposed for the moraine that lies near the distal margin of the drift sheet left during the second ice advance. The Knightstown Moraine is the name given to a recessional moraine that was deposited later than the Crawfordsville Moraine and that merges with the continuation into eastern Indiana of the Farmersville Moraine of Ohio.Indiana Department of Conservatio