High energy cosmic-rays and neutrinos from cosmological gamma-ray burst fireballs

The recent detection of delayed, low energy emission from Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) sources confirmed the cosmological origin of the bursts and provided support for models where GRBs are produced by the dissipation of the kinetic energy of relativistic fireballs. In this review, ultra high energy, >10^{19} eV, cosmic-ray and high energy, 100 TeV, neutrino production in GRBs is discussed in the light of recent GRB and cosmic-ray observations. Emphasis is put on model predictions that can be tested with operating and planned cosmic-ray and neutrino detectors. The predicted neutrino intensity, E^2 dN/dE=3\times 10^{-9} GeV/(cm^2 s sr) for 10^{14} eV<E<10^{16} eV, implies that a km^2 neutrino detector would observe tens of events per year correlated with GRBs, and will be able to test for neutrino properties with an accuracy many orders of magnitude better than is currently possible. The predicted production rate of high-energy protons, which is consistent with that required to account for the observed ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) flux, implies that operating and planned cosmic-ray detectors can test the GRB model for UHECR production. If the predicted sources are found, cosmic-ray detectors will provide us with a technique to investigate the inter-galactic magnetic field.Comment: Physica Scripta, in press; Talk presented at the Nobel Symposium: Particle Physics and The Universe (Sweden, August 1998

Gamma-Ray Bursts

Ultra-high-energy, >10^19 eV, cosmic-ray and high energy, ~10^14 eV, neutrino production in GRBs is discussed in the light of recent GRB and cosmic-ray observations. Emphasis is put on model predictions that can be tested with operating and planned cosmic-ray and neutrino detectors, and on the prospects of testing for neutrino properties.Comment: 7 pages; Invited talk presented at the 7th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (Dec. 1999, Lake Tahoe, California

Astrophysical sources of high energy neutrinos

Several high energy, >100 GeV, neutrino telescopes are currently operating or under construction. Their main motivation is the extension of the horizon of neutrino astronomy to cosmological scales. We show that general, model independent, arguments imply that ~1 Gton detectors are required to detect cosmic high energy neutrino sources. Predictions of models of some of the leading candidate sources, gamma-ray bursts and micro-quasars, are discussed, and the question of what can be learned from neutrino observations is addressed.Comment: Invited talk, Neutrino 2002 (Munich

TeV neutrinos from core collapse supernovae and hypernovae

A fraction of core collapse supernovae of type Ib/c are associated with Gamma-ray bursts, which are thought to produce highly relativistic jets. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a larger fraction of core collapse supernovae produce slower jets, which may contribute to the disruption and ejection of the supernova envelope, and explain the unusually energetic hypernovae. We explore the TeV neutrino signatures expected from such slower jets, and calculate the expected detection rates with upcoming Gigaton Cherenkov experiments. We conclude that individual jetted SNe may be detectable from nearby galaxies.Comment: 4 pages 2 figures. Modified from the published version. Errors in Eqs. 2, 3, 5 are corrected and predicted neutrino event rates are modified accordingly. The conclusions for the diffuse flux remain unchanged, and those for individual nearby sources are strengthene

TeV Neutrinos from Successful and Choked Gamma-Ray Bursts

Core collapse of massive stars resulting in a relativistic fireball jet which breaks through the stellar envelope is a widely discussed scenario for gamma-ray burst production. For very extended or slow rotating stars, the fireball may be unable to break through the envelope. Both penetrating and choked jets will produce, by photo-meson interactions of accelerated protons, a burst of neutrinos with energies in excess of 5 TeV while propagating in the envelope. The predicted flux, from both penetrating and chocked fireballs, should be easily detectable by planned cubic kilometer neutrino telescopes.Comment: Phys.Rev.Letters, in press, final version accepted 8/31/01 (orig. 3/17/01