Linguistic accommodation and the salience of national identity markers in a border town

This study tests the extent of speakers’ linguistic accommodation to members of putative in-groups and out-groups in a border locality where such categorizations can be said to be particularly accentuated. Variation in the speech of informants in dialect contact interactions with separate interviewers is analyzed for evidence of speech accommodation in the form of phonological convergence or divergence. The data do not support a straightforward interpretation of accommodation, and findings are considered in terms of evidence required for such an account. Implications for the notion of salience in explanations of contact-induced language change are also considered, as is the significance of the “interviewer effect” in the compilation of data sets for use in quantitative studies of phonological variation and change

A summary of the key attributes of light-induced retinal damage across the albino rat retina

The dorsoventral gradient of alterations manifested over time. At late stages, normal retina is restricted to ventral retina near the ora terminalis. The bulk of intact retina is () survivor retina with shortened photoreceptors. At early stages, zones of () stressed retina with stressed photoreceptors are large but then contract to a thin rim near the light damage (LD) margin. Also at early stages, transient buckling () appears at the junction of intact retina and the LD margin () as photoreceptors continue to produce outer segment material, but retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells are compromised. LD retina forms () remodeling zones with internal revisions such as neuronal migration, microneuromas and fluid channel formation; () emigration sites with aggressive migration of retina cells into the remnant choroid, leaving behind decimated zones with severely depleted retinas. Abbreviations: BCs represents bipolar cells, ACs represents amacrine cells, GCs represents ganglion cells, CC represents choriocapillaris, MCs represents Müller cells.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Extreme retinal remodeling triggered by light damage: implications for age related macular degeneration"</p><p></p><p> 2008;14():782-805.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375357.</p><p></p

Glutamine profiles across the Survivor-light damage (LD)-Decimation gradient

Visualization: Quantitative gray-scale images of glutamine signals displayed as intensity. Up arrows, remnant retina-choroid interface; downward arrow is the small high glutamine seal region. The bottom panel is 0.579 mm wide and shows isolated glutamine gradients in retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid, seal, emigrant and decimated zones. All decimated zones show large numbers of holes (see Methods). Sample metadata: SD Rat, age at LX 60 d, animal #P240–2L-24, left eye, 24 h LX, harvested at 240 days pLX, bloc code 6685, slide code 3518.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Extreme retinal remodeling triggered by light damage: implications for age related macular degeneration"</p><p></p><p> 2008;14():782-805.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375357.</p><p></p

Γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) profiles across the survivor-light damage (LD)-Decimation gradient

Visualization: Quantitative gray-scale images of GABA signals displayed as intensity. Boxes denotes large aggregates of emigrant GABA+ cells and processes in the decimated zone. The panel is 0.779 mm wide. Note the severe loss of GABA signals in the decimation zone. Sample metadata: SD Rat, age at LX 60 d, animal #P240–2L-24, left eye, 24 h LX, harvested at 240 days pLX, bloc code 6685, slide code 3518.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Extreme retinal remodeling triggered by light damage: implications for age related macular degeneration"</p><p></p><p> 2008;14():782-805.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2375357.</p><p></p