9,845 research outputs found
Study of Monte Carlo approach to experimental uncertainty propagation with MSTW 2008 PDFs
We investigate the Monte Carlo approach to propagation of experimental
uncertainties within the context of the established "MSTW 2008" global analysis
of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton at next-to-leading order
in the strong coupling. We show that the Monte Carlo approach using replicas of
the original data gives PDF uncertainties in good agreement with the usual
Hessian approach using the standard Delta(chi^2) = 1 criterion, then we explore
potential parameterisation bias by increasing the number of free parameters,
concluding that any parameterisation bias is likely to be small, with the
exception of the valence-quark distributions at low momentum fractions x. We
motivate the need for a larger tolerance, Delta(chi^2) > 1, by making fits to
restricted data sets and idealised consistent or inconsistent pseudodata.
Instead of using data replicas, we alternatively produce PDF sets randomly
distributed according to the covariance matrix of fit parameters including
appropriate tolerance values, then we demonstrate a simpler method to produce
an arbitrary number of random predictions on-the-fly from the existing
eigenvector PDF sets. Finally, as a simple example application, we use Bayesian
reweighting to study the effect of recent LHC data on the lepton charge
asymmetry from W boson decays.Comment: 37 pages, 17 figures. v2: version published in JHEP. Supplementary
material at http://mstwpdf.hepforge.org/random
Multiple contexts as cross-classified models: the Labour vote in the British General Election of 1992
Treatment needs and skill mix workforce requirements for prosthodontic care: a comparison of estimates using normative and sociodental approaches.
The traditional measure for assessing dental treatment needs and workforce requirements based solely on normative need (NN) has major shortcomings. The sociodental approach (SDA) to assess needs overcomes some of the shortcomings as it combines normative and subjective needs assessments and also incorporates behavioural propensity (Sheiham and Tsakos 2007). The objective of this study was to estimate and compare prosthodontic treatment needs and workforce requirements, using the normative and the sociodental approaches for different skill mix models
Treatment needs and skill mix workforce requirements for prosthodontic care: a comparison of estimates using normative and sociodental approaches.
The traditional measure for assessing dental treatment needs and workforce requirements based solely on normative need (NN) has major shortcomings. The sociodental approach (SDA) to assess needs overcomes some of the shortcomings as it combines normative and subjective needs assessments and also incorporates behavioural propensity (Sheiham and Tsakos 2007). The objective of this study was to estimate and compare prosthodontic treatment needs and workforce requirements, using the normative and the sociodental approaches for different skill mix models
Grandparents raising grandchildren:Investigating factors associated with distress among custodial grandparent
The Effect of LHC Jet Data on MSTW PDFs
We consider the effect on LHC jet cross sections on partons distribution
functions (PDFs), in particular the MSTW2008 set of PDFs. We first compare the
published inclusive jet data to the predictions using MSTW2008, finding a very
good description. We also use the parton distribution reweighting procedure to
estimate the impact of these new data on the PDFs, finding that the combined
ATLAS 2.76 TeV and 7 TeV data, and CMS 7 TeV data have some significant impact.
We then also investigate the impact of ATLAS, CMS and D0 dijet data using the
same techniques. In this case we investigate the effect of using different
scale choices for the NLO cross section calculation. We find that the dijet
data is generally not completely compatible with the corresponding inclusive
jet data, often tending to pull PDFs, particularly the gluon distribution, away
from the default values. However, the effect depends on the dijet data set used
as well as the scale choice. We also note that conclusions may be affected by
limiting the pull on the data luminosity chosen by the best fit, which is
sometimes a number of standard deviations. Finally we include the inclusive jet
data in a new PDF fit explicitly. This enables us to check the consistency of
the exact result with that obtained from the reweighting procedure. There is
generally good, but not full quantitative agreement. Hence, the conclusion
remains that MSTW2008 PDFs already fit the published jet data well, but the
central values and uncertainties are altered and improved respectively by
significant, but not dramatic extent by inclusion of these data.Comment: 63 pages, 50 figures. Final version. Some added discussion and
improved figure
Levels of genetic polymorphism: marker loci versus quantitative traits
Species are the units used to measure ecological diversity and alleles are the units of genetic diversity. Genetic variation within and among species has been documented most extensively using allozyme electrophoresis. This reveals wide differences in genetic variability within, and genetic distances among, species, demonstrating that species are not equivalent units of diversity. The extent to which the pattern observed for allozymes can be used to infer patterns of genetic variation in quantitative traits depends on the forces generating and maintaining variability. Allozyme variation is probably not strictly neutral but, nevertheless, heterozygosity is expected to be influenced by population size and genetic distance will be affected by time since divergence. The same is true for quantitative traits influenced by many genes and under weak stabilizing selection. However, the limited data available suggest that allozyme variability is a poor predictor of genetic variation in quantitative traits within populations. It is a better predictor of general phenotypic divergence and of postzygotic isolation between populations or species, but is only weakly correlated with prezygotic isolation. Studies of grasshopper and planthopper mating signal variation and assortative mating illustrate how these characters evolve independently of general genetic and morphological variation. The role of such traits in prezygotic isolation, and hence speciation, means that they will contribute significantly to the diversity of levels of genetic variation within and among species
Decision making processes in people with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction: qualitative study
Objective To identify, the themes that influence decision making processes used by patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Two district hospitals in North Yorkshire. Participants 22 patients admitted to hospital with confirmed second, third, or fourth acute myocardial infarction. Main outcome measure Patients' perceptions of their experience between the onset of symptoms and the decision to seek medical help. Results Six main themes that influence the decision making process were identified: appraisal of In symptoms, perceived risk, previous experience, psychological and emotional factors, use of the NHS, and context of the event. Conclusions Knowledge of symptoms may not be enough to promote prompt action in the event of an acute myocardial infarction. Cognitive and emotional processes, individual beliefs and values, and the influence of the context of the event should also be considered in individual interventions designed to reduce delay in the event of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction
- …