Development of Novel, Microscale Fracture Toughness Testing for Adhesives

The purpose of this thesis was to develop microscale fracture toughness tests to be performed in situ based off previously used macroscale fracture toughness tests. The thesis also was to use these tests to perform in situ analysis and imaging of reinforced adhesives during crack propagation. Two different fracture toughness tests were developed for this thesis through developing fixtures and sample geometry. A microscale double cantilever beam (DCB) test was developed for mode I fracture (opening mode). A microscale end notch flexure (ENF) test was developed for mode II fracture (sliding mode). Three different types of materials were used as a reinforcing agent and tested using the micro-DCB and micro-ENF tests. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) doped adhesive showed a 12% increase in mode II toughness and 33% increase in total fracture energy for micro-DCB. Similarly, the graphene foam (GrF) doped adhesive showed an approximate 34% increase in mode II toughness and a 71% increase in total fracture energy for mode I. In situ imaging provided real time imaging of crack propagation for all three reinforcing agents that allowed for a novel analysis of the crack propagation and general fracture

Criminal Procedure: The Outer Limits of the Indegent\u27s Right to Appointed Counsel

Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367 (1979). Over the past forty-seven years, the sixth amendment right to counsel, as applied to the states through the fourteenth amendment, has undergone almost constant expansion. In 1932 the evolution began in Powell v. Alabama, when the Supreme Court held that, in capital cases: (a) the sixth amendment right to counsel is of a fundamental nature, and applicable to the states through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment; and (b) the state must provide counsel for indigent defendants. Ten years later, in Betts v. Brady, the Court refused to extend the right to counsel further, holding that indigents were not entitled to appointed counsel in most noncapital state cases. But the Court soon recognized that under some circumstances counsel must be appointed even in noncapital cases. Although Betts nominally remained the general rule, the majority of the cases that followed were found to fall under a “special circumstances” exception. Finally, in 1963, the Court specifically overruled Betts in Gideon v. Wainwright, holding that fundamental fairness required that counsel be appointed in all felony cases. The Gideon holding was further broadened in Argersinger v. Hamlin, when the Supreme Court unanimously extended the right to have counsel appointed in all cases which result in the actual deprivation of liberty. Subsequent state and lower federal court decisions differed in their application of Argersinger. Some courts adhered strictly to a narrow “actual imprisonment,” or “imprisonment in fact” standard. Others interpreted Argersinger to require counsel whenever there was a possibility of imprisonment, and so applied the “imprisonment in law” standard. Still others, while recognizing that Argersinger went no further than the “actual imprisonment” standard, held that the broader “imprisonment in law” standard was a logical extension of Argersinger. This dispute was resolved by the Supreme Court in the case of Scott v. Illinois

H.B. 248: Service to Persons outside of Ohio in Divorce, Annulment, and Alimony Actions

House Bill 248 amended Ohio Revised Code section 3105.06 to permit service by publication in a divorce, annulment, or alimony action where the defendant “is not a resident of this state or is a resident of this state but absent from the state.” Under previous law there was no authorization, either in the Ohio Revised Code or the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure, to allow such service. Furthermore, there was no expressed authorization for any kind of service on such defendants in divorce and annulment actions. The Family Law Committee of the Ohio State Bar Association recommended that section 3105.06 be amended to remedy this statutory infirmity. This recommendation formed the basis of H.B. 248, which became law on June 7, 1979

Double-Breasted Operations in the Construction Industry: A Search for Concrete Guidelines

The concept of double-breasting in the construction industry did not emerge until the mid-1960’s and early 1970’s. Not until the late 1970’s did the technique begin to pervade the industry. Whatever the cause behind this trend, double-breasting has now become a common practice, and a problem of great concern for companies and unions alike. Few issues in the field of labor law are at once so frequently raised yet so difficultly resolved. Traditionally, double-breasting occurs when a contractor, who is bound by one or more collective bargaining agreements, establishes another company, in the same area, which is not similarly bound. The contractor’s primary motivation for establishing this second company is generally to enable him to successfully bid on jobs which do not require union contractors. Because of higher labor costs, the unionized company will almost always be underbid for these jobs. If he is successful in his double-breasting attempt, the contractor will enjoy the best of both worlds. His union company can continue to bid on jobs requiring union contractors. Meanwhile, his nonunion operation can competitively bid on other jobs. As expected, unions do not passively accept double-breasting. They feel that the employer is attempting to circumvent their rights under the collective bargaining agreement. Any of several methods may be used against the employer in this situation

Mainstreamed English language instruction in a low-incidence rural school district : a case study

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on August 25, 2010).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Dissertation advisor: Dr. Jeffrey S. Brooks.Vita.Ph. D. University of Missouri--Columbia 2010.Classrooms in the United States are changing as the population of the United States becomes more diverse with growing numbers of English language learners (Banks, 2005; Capps, Fix, Murray, Ost, Passel & Herwantoro, 2005; Cartledge, Gardner, & Ford, 2009; DeVillar, Faltis, & Cummins, 1994; Diaz, 2001; Dilg, 2003; Hernandez, 2001; Ovando & McLaren, 2000; Sadowski, 2004; Sleeter & Grant, 1994). Immigrants and their families have traditionally settled in larger urban communities, but recent trends indicate a growing number of English language learners are enrolling in rural mid-west public schools. Many rural districts have very little experience or resources to meet the needs of this new diverse group of students. As a result teachers, especially in rural and low-incidence districts, are experiencing academic and cultural challenges of educating students whose first language is not English (Berube, 2000; Hill & Flynn, 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine elementary teacher perceptions regarding experience with instructing mainstreamed English language learners in a low-incidence district. This study also explores issues these teachers feel most influence their ability to successfully teach students from diverse cultures and who speak a first language other than English. Research examining teacher perceptions should provide important insight to teachers, administrators and policy makers regarding teacher needs and support in the education of English language learners.Includes bibliographical reference

Magneto-Hydrodynamic Damping of Convection During Vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger Growth of HgCdTe

In order to quantify the effects of convection on segregation, Hg(0.8)Cd(0.2)Te crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method in the presence of an applied axial magnetic field of 50 kG. The influence of convection, by magneto-hydrodynamic damping, on mass transfer in the melt and segregation at the solid-liquid interface was investigated by measuring the axial and radial compositional variations in the grown samples. The reduction of convective mixing in the melt through the application of the magnetic field is found to decrease radial segregation to the diffusion-limited regime. It was also found that the suppression of the convective cell near the solid-liquid interface results in an increase in the slope of the diffusion-controlled solute boundary layer, which can lead to constitutional supercooling

Ampoule Failure System

An ampoule failure system for use in material processing furnaces comprising a containment cartridge and an ampoule failure sensor. The containment cartridge contains an ampoule of toxic material therein and is positioned within a furnace for processing. An ampoule failure probe is positioned in the containment cartridge adjacent the ampoule for detecting a potential harmful release of toxic material therefrom during processing. The failure probe is spaced a predetermined distance from the ampoule and is chemically chosen so as to undergo a timely chemical reaction with the toxic material upon the harmful release thereof. The ampoule failure system further comprises a data acquisition system which is positioned externally of the furnace and is electrically connected to the ampoule failure probe so as to form a communicating electrical circuit. The data acquisition system includes an automatic shutdown device for shutting down the furnace upon the harmful release of toxic material. It also includes a resistance measuring device for measuring the resistance of the failure probe during processing. The chemical reaction causes a step increase in resistance of the failure probe whereupon the automatic shutdown device will responsively shut down the furnace

Ampoule failure sensor time response testing: Experiment 1

The response time of an ampoule failure sensor exposed to a liquid or vapor gallium-arsenide (GaAs) is investigated. The experimental configuration represents the sample/ampoule cartridge assembly used in NASA's Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF). The sensor is a chemical fuse made from a metal with which the semiconductor material reacts more rapidly than it does with the containing cartridge. For the III-IV compound of GaAs, a platinum metal was chosen based on the reaction of platinum and arsenic at elevated temperatures which forms a low melting eutectic. Ampoule failure is indicated by a step change in resistance of the failure sensor on the order of megohms. The sensors will increase the safety of crystal growth experiments by providing an indication that an ampoule has failed. Experimental results indicate that the response times (after a known ampoule failure) for the 0.003 and 0.010 inch ampoule failure sensors are 2.4 and 3.6 minutes, respectively. This ampoule failure sensor will be utilized in the CGF during the second United States Microgravity Laboratory Mission (USML-2) and is the subject of a NASA patent application

Effects of static axial magnetic fields on directional solidification of HgCdTe

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-161).by Dale A. Watring.Ph.D

Thermal Characterization of the Universal Multizone Crystallizator

The Universal Multizone Crystallizator (UMC) is a special apparatus for crystal growth under terrestrial and microgravity conditions. The use of twenty-five zones allows the, UMC to be used for several normal freezing growth techniques. The thermal profile is electronically translated along the stationary sample by systematically reducing the power to the control zones. Elimination of mechanical translation devices increases the systems reliability while simultaneously reducing the size and weight. This paper addresses the UMC furnace design, sample cartridge, typical thermal profiles and corresponding power requirements necessary for two normal freezing techniques: dynamic gradient freeze and zone melting crystal growth