Indigenous archaeology as complement to, not separate from, scientific archaeology

Defining Indigenous Archaeology is as difficult as defining “Indigenous”. In some areas the term “Indigenous” is applied to people who existed in an area prior to colonization (“Geography”); in other areas it is applied to people who are related to those people whose ancestors created the culture being studied (“Descendancy”); in others it is applied to the community of people who live in the area where the archaeology is being conducted (“Proximity”). This paper recognizes that Indigenous Archaeology, however defined, has characteristics that add to the scientific study of the human past; that Indigenous Archaeology is not meant to supplant scientific archaeology but to add to archaeology’s interpretative powers. In this paper I will provide an overview of Indigenous Archaeology, examine some of the problems in trying to discuss its many facets as a single disciplinary approach to the interpretation of the past, and then close with an examination of the possibilities inherent in the generalized approach to the study of the past by partnering with communities and organizations.Defining Indigenous Archaeology is as difficult as defining “Indigenous”. In some areas the term “Indigenous” is applied to people who existed in an area prior to colonization (“Geography”); in other areas it is applied to people who are to those people whose ancestors created the culture being (“Descendancy”); in others it is applied to the community of people who live in the area where the archaeology is being conducted (“Proximity”). This paper recognizes that Archaeology, however defined, has characteristics that add to the scientific study of the human past; that Indigenous Archaeology is not meant to supplant scientific archaeology but to add to archaeology’s powers. In this paper I will provide an overview of Indigenous Archaeology, examine some of the in trying to discuss its many facets as a single disciplinary approach to the of the past, and then close with an examination of the in the generalized approach to the study of the past by partnering with communities and organizations

Comparison of Binary and Multi-Level Logic Electronics for Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are dependent on low-power, miniaturized instrumentation. Comparator circuits are common elements in applications for digital threshold detection. A multi-level, memory-based logic approach is in development that offers potential benefits in power usage and size with respect to traditional binary logic systems. Basic 4-bit operations with CMOS gates and comparators are chosen to compare circuit implementations of binary structures and quaternary equivalents. Circuit layouts and functional operation are presented. In particular, power characteristics and transistor count are examined. The potential for improved embedded systems based on the multilevel, memory-based logic is discussed

A Web-Shareable Real-World Imaging Problem for Enhancing an Image-Processing Curriculum

A real-world laboratory exercise is presented for image processing and related curricula. The exercise is a traffic-monitoring problem in which a truck must be tracked as it moves across a bridge and its velocity measured. Sequential images are taken from a dedicated Web camera that views the Smart Composite Bridge on the University of Missouri-Rolla campus. The prototype bridge is a field laboratory for several interdisciplinary courses, including a Machine Vision elective. The Machine Vision image-processing elective uses the traffic-monitoring exercise to give students experience with processing complex images, tracking image markers, and applying theoretical orthographic concepts. The laboratory exercise uses an image sequence acquired during the springtime with multiple potential markers available on the truck for assignment flexibility. A wintertime image sequence with snowy conditions is also available for assignment flexibility. This paper discusses the bridge and camera resources, the traffic-monitoring laboratory exercise description, and the Machine Vision course implementation and evaluation. Two versions of the traffic-monitoring exercise, including two image sequences and orthographic MATLAB code, are available on the bridge Website

Faculty Brass Quintet

Kemp Recital Hall Monday Evening April 8, 2002 8:00p.m

Epilepsy and the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death: A population study

ObjectivePeople with epilepsy (PWE) may be at an increased risk of severe COVID-19. It is important to characterize this risk to inform PWE and for future health and care planning. We assessed whether PWE were at higher risk of being hospitalized with, or dying from, COVID-19.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using linked, population-scale, anonymized electronic health records from the SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) databank. This includes hospital admission and demographic data for the complete Welsh population (3.1 million) and primary care records for 86% of the population. We identified 27 279 PWE living in Wales during the study period (March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021). Controls were identified using exact 5:1 matching (sex, age, and socioeconomic status). We defined COVID-19 deaths as having International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for COVID-19 on death certificates or occurring within 28 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. COVID-19 hospitalizations were defined as having a COVID-19 ICD-10 code for the reason for admission or occurring within 28 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. We recorded COVID-19 vaccinations and comorbidities known to increase the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios.ResultsThere were 158 (.58%) COVID-19 deaths and 933 (3.4%) COVID-19 hospitalizations in PWE, and 370 (.27%) deaths and 1871 (1.4%) hospitalizations in controls. Hazard ratios for COVID-19 death and hospitalization in PWE compared to controls were 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78–2.59) and 2.15 (95% CI = 1.94–2.37), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (adjusted for comorbidities) for death and hospitalization were 1.32 (95% CI = 1.08–1.62) and 1.60 (95% CI = 1.44–1.78).SignificancePWE are at increased risk of being hospitalized with, and dying from, COVID-19 when compared to age-, sex-, and deprivation-matched controls, even when adjusting for comorbidities. This may have implications for prioritizing future COVID-19 treatments and vaccinations for PWE

Health care utilization and mortality for people with epilepsy during <scp>COVID</scp>‐19: A population study

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize changes in health care utilization and mortality for people with epilepsy (PWE) during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study using linked, individual-level, population-scale anonymized health data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank. We identified PWE living in Wales during the study “pandemic period” (January 1, 2020–June 30, 2021) and during a “prepandemic” period (January 1, 2016–December 31, 2019). We compared prepandemic health care utilization, status epilepticus, and mortality rates with corresponding pandemic rates for PWE and people without epilepsy (PWOE). We performed subgroup analyses on children (65 years old), those with intellectual disability, and those living in the most deprived areas. We used Poisson models to calculate adjusted rate ratios (RRs).ResultsWe identified 27 279 PWE who had significantly higher rates of hospital (50.3 visits/1000 patient months), emergency department (55.7), and outpatient attendance (172.4) when compared to PWOE (corresponding figures: 25.7, 25.2, and 87.0) in the prepandemic period. Hospital and epilepsy-related hospital admissions, and emergency department and outpatient attendances all reduced significantly for PWE (and all subgroups) during the pandemic period. RRs [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for pandemic versus prepandemic periods were .70 [.69–.72], .77 [.73–.81], .78 [.77–.79], and .80 [.79–.81]. The corresponding rates also reduced for PWOE. New epilepsy diagnosis rates decreased during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period (2.3/100 000/month cf. 3.1/100 000/month, RR = .73, 95% CI = .68–.78). Both all-cause deaths and deaths with epilepsy recorded on the death certificate increased for PWE during the pandemic (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = .997–1.145 and RR = 2.44, 95% CI = 2.12–2.81). When removing COVID deaths, RRs were .88 (95% CI = .81–.95) and 1.29 (95% CI = 1.08–1.53). Status epilepticus rates did not change significantly during the pandemic (RR = .95, 95% CI = .78–1.15).SignificanceAll-cause non-COVID deaths did not increase but non-COVID deaths associated with epilepsy did increase for PWE during the COVID-19 pandemic. The longer term effects of the decrease in new epilepsy diagnoses and health care utilization and increase in deaths associated with epilepsy need further research.Key PointsPeople with epilepsy have increased rates of hospital, emergency department, and outpatient attendance when compared to people without epilepsy.These rates (and rates of new epilepsy diagnoses) reduced significantly during our pandemic study period (January 1, 2020–June 30, 2021).Rates of status epilepticus did not change during the pandemic period.All-cause non-COVID deaths did not increase for people with epilepsy.There was a small increase in non-COVID deaths with epilepsy listed as a cause for people with epilepsy

Faculty Brass Quintet

Center for the Performing Arts Tuesday Evening October 15, 2002 8:00p.m

COVID-19 vaccination uptake in people with epilepsy in wales

Purpose: People with epilepsy (PWE) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. Assessing COVID-19 vaccine uptake is therefore important. We compared COVID-19 vaccination uptake for PWE in Wales with a matched control cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective, population, cohort study using linked, anonymised, Welsh electronic health records within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank (Welsh population=3.1 million).We identified PWE in Wales between 1st March 2020 and 31st December 2021 and created a control cohort using exact 5:1 matching (sex, age and socioeconomic status). We recorded 1st, 2nd and booster COVID-19 vaccinations.Results: There were 25,404 adults with epilepsy (127,020 controls). 23,454 (92.3%) had a first vaccination, 22,826 (89.9%) a second, and 17,797 (70.1%) a booster. Comparative figures for controls were: 112,334 (87.8%), 109,057 (85.2%) and 79,980 (62.4%).PWE had higher vaccination rates in all age, sex and socioeconomic subgroups apart from booster uptake in older subgroups. Vaccination rates were higher in older subgroups, women and less deprived areas for both cohorts. People with intellectual disability and epilepsy had higher vaccination rates when compared with controls with intellectual disability. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination uptake for PWE in Wales was higher than that for a matched control group