Optical control of individual carbon nanotube light emitters by spectral double resonance in silicon microdisk resonators

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have advantages as a nanoscale light source compatible with silicon photonics because they show room-temperature luminescence at telecom-wavelengths and can be directly synthesized on silicon substrates. Here we demonstrate integration of individual light-emitting carbon nanotubes with silicon microdisk resonators. Photons emitted from nanotubes are efficiently coupled to whispering gallery modes, circulating within the disks and lighting up their perimeters. Furthermore, we control such emission by tuning the excitation wavelength in and out of resonance with higher order modes in the same disk. Our results open up the possibilities of using nanotube emitters embedded in photonic circuits that are individually addressable through spectral double resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Phytohormone-Mediated Homeostasis of Root System Architecture

Unlike animals, most of the plants are sessile. This may be a reason why they developed the powerful ability of organ generation throughout their lifetime, which is distinct from the animals, whose generation potential is restricted in a certain period during development. Half part of the plant body, the root system, is hidden under the ground, where there is a competition of resources, for example, water and nutrients or biotic stresses and abiotic stresses surrounding the root system. With its strong regeneration ability, the architecture of the root system is shaped by all of these environmental cues together with the internal developmental signals. In this process, phytohormones work as the regulatory molecules mediating the internal and external developmental signals, thus controlling the morphology and function of the root system architecture. This chapter introduces the development of root system regulated by various phytohormones, like auxin, cytokinin, etc

Ferromagnetic to spin glass cross over in (La,Tb)_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3}

In the series La_{2/3-x}Tb_{x}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3}, it is known that the compositions are ferromagnetic for smaller values of x and show spin glass characteristics at larger values of x. Our studies on the magnetic properties of various compositions in the La_{2/3-x}Tb_{x}Ca_{1/3}MnO_{3} series show that the cross over from ferromagnetic to spin glass region takes place above x ~ 1/8. Also, a low temperature anomaly at 30 K, observed in the ac susceptibility curves, disappears for compositions above this critical value of x. A mixed phase region coexists in the narrow compositional range 0.1 <= x <= 0.125, indicating that the ferromagnetic to spin glass cross over is not abrupt.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

ドイツ ライプチヒ ガクハ トレーニング カガク ノ セイリツ カテイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ(2)

The aim of this paper as a second literatur review is to discuss the theoretical problem, especially central categories and subjects of the independent applied training science（Trainingslehre − Trainingswissenschaft） in the GDR. Sport training is connected to objectives that are related to the development of sport performance capacity or to the presentation of sport performance, especially in athletic competition. Chapter 1 “Subject and Tasks of Training Science” in the textbook “Trainingslehre−Trainingswissenschaft”（2011）discusses central categories of training science. Training action is always purpose−oriented and relates to primary goals, which are accepted as values. The following primary goals for sport training can be differentiated : 1. Completion of performance and achievement of success in sport competions, which are considered valuable by individuals or society groups. 2. Continued improvement or preferably long−term maintenance of a sport performance state, which is oriented toward norms that are individually set or predetermined by society. With respect to action oriented toward the primary goals mentioned above, sport training, its related quantity, sport performance and the presentation of sport performance in athletic competion, are regarded as central categories of training science. Training science is defined as that subdiscipline of sport science which analyzes sport training, performance and competion from an interdisciplinary point of view and tests systems of action rules. System of action rules can refer to sport training in general, be in relation to distinct action fields, such as competitive sport, school sport, health sport. The following tasks for training science emerge from the subject description and from the needs of training practice : 1. Commitment to an unambiguous, uncontradicted, and extensive system of concepts, in particular specification of central categories for sport training, sport performance, and sport competitions, and delimitation of different action fields of training and performance presentation. 2. Collection, organization, and assessment of knowledge from basic science and experiences from training and competition practice. 3. Analysis of the training and competition undertaken with the aim of establishing laws regarding performance development and training effects. 4. Prognosis of performance developments and derivation of complex demand profiles for top−level performances and for different periods of performance development 5. Derivation and empirical validation of rules, principles, and theories for sport training in general, for different action fields and for various types of training 6. Description and analysis of individual differences and peculiarities and detection of regularities of individual action in extreme areas of performance 7. Further development of scientific training methodology 8. Testing of new action concepts with cooperation between science und training practice

ドイツ ライプチヒ ガクハ トレーニング カガク ノ セイリツ カテイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ 3

The aim of this paper as a third literature review is to discuss the theoretical problem, especially central categories of the independent applied training science (Trainingslehre − Trainingswissenschaft) in the GDR. Sport training is connected to objectives that are related to the development of sport performance capacity or to the presentation of sport performance, especially in athletic competition. Chapter 2 "Performance structure, performance capacity, and performance development" in the textbook "Trainingslehre−Trainingswissenschaft" (2014) discusses central categories of training science. Training science is defined as that sub discipline of sport science, which analyzes sport training, performance and competion from an interdisciplinary point of view. Modern future−oriented approaches in the examination of the performance structure try to illustrate the correlation between the factors with an integral concept. It is that mutual conditionality or structural and functional linkage of biological processes of the energy regulation (fitness level)，the sensorimotor processes of the movement regulation (technique / coordination)，and the mental−cognitive processes of the action and behavior regulation (strategy / technique)，combined with the situations outlasting, character−specific (cognitive, emotional and motivational) dispositions, that characterize the substance of a performance demands and performance capacity structure. These performance structure issues become important to the trainer, when practicing and training by goal formulation, determination of the necessary training content to reach the goal, training means and training methods are to be directed to where the athlete trains according to the demands. The trainer finds his basis for orientation in the demand structure. Demand analyses are established during individual analytical steps that are executed with precision, applying methods of training science specific to high−performance sports. Demands, performance requisites and training implementation have an inner connection that was linked to the assertions regarding complexity the hierarchy of the regulation levels, and self−organization

Design and synthesis of gene-directed caged cyclic nucleotides exhibiting cell type selectivity

We designed a new caging group that can be photoactivated only in the presence of a non-endogenous enzyme when exposed to 405 nm light. Because cells or tissues can be genetically tagged by an exogenously expressed enzyme, this novel method can serve as a strategy for adding targeting abilities to photocaged compounds

ドイツ ライプチヒ ガクハ トレーニング カガク ノ セイリツ カテイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ 4

The aim of this paper as a fourth literature review is to discuss the theoretical problem, especially central categories of the independent applied training science(Trainingslehre − Trainingswissenschaft)in the GDR. Sport training is connected to objectives that are related to the development of sport performance capacity or to the presentation of sport performance, especially in athletic competition. Chapter 2 “Performance structure, performance capacity, and performance development” in the textbook “Trainingslehre−Trainingswissenschaft” (2014)discusses central categories of training science. In this article, a theme called the development of sport performance is discussed. The standard of sport performance is raised primarily by training and competition. Sports training causes various reactions in the body which represent demands on it. Load can be seen as the sum of all external events affecting a person which change physical and psychological functions. Because of that the sporting load leads to an internal load of the total organism. All high and repetitive psychophysical demands must be interrupted by breaks. The length of the break is determined by the amount of residual tiredness. The successful handling of load always means an increase in the degree of load tolerance. The deciding factor for higher load tolerance in sport is the adaptation achieved through training, which requires longer than generally thought. Before adaptation takes place（after four to six weeks）various phases of changed state in the body must be gone through. These three phases are : Current adjustment, Regeneration（Restoration）and Adaptation. The aim of the organism’s adaptation is to reduce internal taxing and to make use of the taxed functions to deal with load as economically as possible. Before adaptation can take place, the organism has to be forced to make regular adjustments in its functional systems over longer periods of time. The structure which is most taxed in sport and also the first to adapt is the muscle. With a mass of 23 to 28kg the muscular system is the largest organ. Training of biomotor abilities is directed to the muscular system first. According to current findings, adaptation takes place gradually and can be divided into four stages 1st stage of adaptation : changes in the movement programme 2nd stage of adaptation : increase in size of the energy stores 3rd stage of adaptation : optimization of regulated systems and structures 4th stage of adaptation : co−ordination of systems influencing performanc

Enhancement of carbon nanotube photoluminescence by photonic crystal nanocavities

Photonic crystal nanocavities are used to enhance photoluminescence from single-walled carbon nanotubes. Micelle-encapsulated nanotubes are deposited on nanocavities within Si photonic crystal slabs and confocal microscopy is used to characterize the devices. Photoluminescence spectra and images reveal nanotube emission coupled to nanocavity modes. The cavity modes can be tuned throughout the emission wavelengths of carbon nanotubes, demonstrating the ability to enhance photoluminescence from a variety of chiralities.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure