Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Stachytarpheta jamaecensis Root Extract using In Vitro Deoxyribose Degradation Assay

Use and demand of traditional medicinal plants currently growing in the direction that research in traditional medicines have also increased. One of the plants that is efficacious as a medicine is S. jamaecensis. This plant is usually used by people as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of porterweed root. Antioxidant activity assays performed using hydroxyl radical scavenger that begins with the extraction by maceration. Dry roots of S. jamaecensis  (250 g) was soaked with ethanol 96% for 3x24 hours at room temperature. The liquid extract obtained is evaporated by rotary evaporator and waterbath till viscous extracts is obtained. Then to extract performed phytochemical screening by quantitative and qualitative method. The antioxidant test was carried out using the hydroxyl radical scavenger method. The extract concentrations were varied, namely 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. The data obtained was performed one-way ANOVA test. The results of the phytochemical screening showed the extract contains flavonoids, alcaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins. The results obtained were significant values from the antioxidant test with the antiradical scavenger method, the largest average value of root extract was 60.606% at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of spectrophotometric measurements showed that the extract has IC50 was 683.5294 µg/ml, while vitamin C has  IC50 lower value (251.700 µg/ml). 

POTENSI INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI SALAH SATU RUMAH SAKIT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus corona baru yang pertama kali diidentifikasi pada Desember 2019. Hingga saat penelitian ini dilakukan, belum ditemukan obat yang spesifik untuk penyakit COVID-19 sehingga pengobatan masih bersifat suportif dan simptomatik. Hal ini mengakibatkan pasien mendapatkan banyak obat/polifarmasi yang berpotensi berinteraksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis potensi interaksi obat pada pasien Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional retrospektif dengan metode analisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data dari Pusat Data Elektronik dan Rekam Medis pasien Covid-19 periode maret-agustus 2020. Pemeriksaan interaksi obat dilakukan melalui website Micromedex. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari 114 rekam medis pasien Covid-19 didapatkan sebanyak 231 potensi interaksi obat. Untuk Kategori keparahan interaksi obat Minor (17 kasus), Moderate (151 kasus), Mayor (765 kasus) dan Contraindicated (20 kasus). Sementara untuk kategori onset interaksi obat Delayed (85 kasus), Rapid (71 kasus) dan Not Specified (797 kasus). Lima interaksi obat terbesar yaitu Azitromisin – Hidroksikloroquin (80 kasus), Azitromisin – Levofloxacin (62 kasus), Hidroksikloroquin – Levofloxacin (56 kasus), Aztromisin – Lovinapir dan Ritonavir (26 kasus) dan Azitromisin Moxifloxacilin (26 kasus)

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF KECAPI SENTUL EXTRACT (SANDORICUM KOETJAPE MERR.) AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS

ABSTRACTBackground: One of the causing dental caries is a microorganism, namely Streptococcus mutans. Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) contain alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, phenol, and triterpenoid which have antibacterial properties on the inhibition Streptococcus mutans which has the potential to prevent dental caries.Method: This research uses a laboratory experimental design with a post-test control group only design, using seven treatment groups, namely kecapi sentul leaves extract with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% as positive control and aquadest as negative control were repeated 4 times. Result: Non parametric test Kruskal Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney methods showed that each treatment group was significantly different in the diameter of the formed inhibition zone. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone with a concentration of 30% was 9.1 mm, 40% was 13.3 mm, 50% was 17.13 mm, 60% was 18.65 mm and 70% was 21.05 mm.Conclusion: Kecapi sentul leaves extract (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) with the concentration of group 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% have antibacterial potential against the growth of Streptococcus mutans

Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Potensi Interaksi Obat Pasien Covid-19 di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Kalimantan Selatan: Factors Associated with Potential Drug Interactions in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients

Patients with COVID-19 are treated with antivirals, supportive therapy, and symptomatic therapy. COVID-19 patients who use multiple drugs may experience drug interactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors associated with potential drug interactions in COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized. This cross-sectional retrospective observational study was carried out in a hospital in the Indonesia. The sample consists of medical records from COVID-19 patients who received therapy and were hospitalized between January and March 2021. The IBM Micromedex website, DrugBank Interaction Checker, and Stockley Drug Interactions 9th Edition are research tools used to assess the potential and mechanism of drug interactions. The results were 82 medical records that were analyzed for potential drug interactions. The proportion of patients who have potential drug interactions is 69.5%. in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The drug interaction mechanism in COVID-19 patients is potentially in the pharmacokinetics phase. Age (p=0.034; OR 0.327, CI 0.11-0.94), number of drugs used during treatment (p=0.002; OR 14.00, CI 1.76-111.11), and length of stay (p=0.000; OR 0.009, CI 0.001-0.07) were factors associated to potential drug interactions. Subsequently, factors associated with potential drug interactions in COVID-19 hospitalized patients include age, number of drugs used during treatment, and length of stay. Keywords: COVID-19, drug interactions, factors associated, potential Abstrak Tatalaksana pengobatan pada pasien COVID-19 diberikan antivirus, terapi suportif dan terapi simptomatik. Penggunaan beberapa jenis obat tersebut membuat pasien COVID-19 berpotensi mengalami interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan potensi interaksi obat pada pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di rumah sakit. Penelitian obeservasional retrospektif cross sectional ini dilaksanakan di salah satu rumah sakit Kalimantan Selatan. Sampel yakni rekam medis pasien COVID-19 yang mendapat terapi dan rawat inap di rumah sakit periode Januari-Maret 2021 Instrumen penelitian mengkaji potensi dan mekanisme interaksi obat meliputi situs IBM Micromedex , DrugBank Interaction Checker dan Stockley Drug Interactions 9th Edition. Hasil diperoleh sebanyak 82 rekam medis dianalisis potensi interaksi obat. Persentase pasien mengalami potensi interaksi obat sebesar 69,5%. pada pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di rumah sakit. Mekanisme interaksi obat pada pada pasien COVID-19 pada berpotensi pada fase farmakokinetika. Faktor berhubungan potensi interaksi obat pasien COVID-19 yakni usia (p=0.034; OR 0.327, CI 0.11-0.94), jumlah obat yang digunakan selama dirawat (p=0.002; OR 14.00, CI 1.76-111.11) dan lama dirawat (p=0.000; OR 0.009 , CI 0.001-0.07). Kesimpulan, faktor berhubungan potensi interaksi obat pada pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di rumah sakit meliputi usia, jumlah obat yang digunakan selama dirawat dan lama dirawat. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, faktor berhubungan, interaksi obat, potens