Teacher Perception of Administrators\u27 Leadership Qualities Based on the Administrator\u27s Biological Sex

Determining the criteria necessary for an educational leader or principal to be effective by including employees, such as teachers in evaluating their principals, may aid in strengthening educational leadership overall. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to determine if there is a difference between teacher perception of their administrator’s leadership qualities of inspiring a shared vision, modeling the way, and enabling others to act based on the biological sex of their administrator. The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) Observer form was used to measure the leadership quality of educational administrators as perceived by their teachers. The population for the study was 107 Kentucky Pre-K–12 public school teachers from five different school districts. A quantitative causal-comparative design was used to determine if a difference exists between the independent variable, biological sex of the administrator, and the dependent variable of teacher perception of their principal’s leadership qualities inspiring a shared vision, modeling the way, and enabling others to act. An independent samples t-test was used to test the null hypotheses. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in teacher perception of their principal’s leadership qualities of inspiring a shared vision, modeling the way, and enabling others to act based on the biological sex of the principal. The small and very small effect sizes found between male and female principals on each leadership quality indicate that the gender gap in educational leadership is narrowing. Recommendations for future research include expanding higher education leadership programs to promote doctrines that address the gender gap in leadership and enlarging the collection site to increase participation in the study

A Model for Circuit Execution Runtime And Its Implications for Quantum Kernels At Practical Data Set Sizes

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a fast-growing discipline within quantum computing. One popular QML algorithm, quantum kernel estimation, uses quantum circuits to estimate a similarity measure (kernel) between two classical feature vectors. Given a set of such circuits, we give a heuristic, predictive model for the total circuit execution time required, based on a recently-introduced measure of the speed of quantum computers. In doing so, we also introduce the notion of an "effective number of quantum volume layers of a circuit", which may be of independent interest. We validate the performance of this model using synthetic and real data by comparing the model's predictions to empirical runtime data collected from IBM Quantum computers through the use of the Qiskit Runtime service. At current speeds of today's quantum computers, our model predicts data sets consisting of on the order of hundreds of feature vectors can be processed in order a few hours. For a large-data workflow, our model's predictions for runtime imply further improvements in the speed of circuit execution -- as well as the algorithm itself -- are necessary.Comment: 8.5 pages of main text + 1.5 pages of appendices. 7 figures & 3 table

Whose Side are Ethics Codes On? Power, Responsibility and the Social Good

The moral authority of ethics codes stems from an assumption that they serve a unified society, yet this ignores the political aspects of any shared resource. The sociologist Howard S. Becker challenged researchers to clarify their power and responsibility in the classic essay: Whose Side Are We On. Building on Becker's hierarchy of credibility, we report on a critical discourse analysis of data ethics codes and emerging conceptualizations of beneficence, or the "social good", of data technology. The analysis revealed that ethics codes from corporations and professional associations conflated consumers with society and were largely silent on agency. Interviews with community organizers about social change in the digital era supplement the analysis, surfacing the limits of technical solutions to concerns of marginalized communities. Given evidence that highlights the gulf between the documents and lived experiences, we argue that ethics codes that elevate consumers may simultaneously subordinate the needs of vulnerable populations. Understanding contested digital resources is central to the emerging field of public interest technology. We introduce the concept of digital differential vulnerability to explain disproportionate exposures to harm within data technology and suggest recommendations for future ethics codes.Comment: Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAT* '20), January 27-30, 2020, Barcelona, Spain. Correcte

Estudio de las tácticas en redes sociales y su impacto en la visibilidad de la oferta académica universitaria

The influence of social media in the field of university marketing is of vital importance. The purpose of this research is to delve into the potential that social networks have for the promotion of academic offerings, services and appointments in the Academic Unit of Other Modalities of Study (OME) and the Academic Unit of Higher Technical and Technological Training (UAFTTS) of the Catholic University of Cuenca. This study investigates the impact of the use of social networks in the promotion of academic offerings, using quantitative methods to accurately understand the effectiveness and reach of social networks in academic dissemination. Among the main results obtained, the majority of students (75%) of the Catholic University of Cuenca receive academic information through social networks; in addition, a significant percentage of students (69%) are familiar with the marketing strategies that the University has applied; the sum of these findings reveals that Facebook is the social network most used by students, closely followed by Instagram.La influencia de las redes sociales en el ámbito del marketing universitario es de vital importancia. El propósito de esta investigación es profundizar en el potencial que las redes sociales tienen para la promoción de la oferta académica, servicios y la nombradía en la Unidad Académica de Otras Modalidades de Estudio (OME) y la Unidad Académica de Formación Técnica y Tecnológica Superior (UAFTTS) de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Este estudio investiga el impacto del uso de las redes sociales en la promoción de la oferta académica, empleando métodos cuantitativos para comprender con precisión la eficacia y alcance de las redes sociales en la difusión académica. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se evidenció la mayoría de los estudiantes (75%) de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca reciben información académica por redes sociales; además, un porcentaje significativo de estudiantes (69%) están familiarizados con las estrategias de marketing que ha aplicado la Universidad; la suma de estos hallazgos revela que Facebook es la red social más utilizada por los estudiantes, seguida de cerca por Instagram

A genome wide association scan for (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in the grain of contemporary 2-row Spring and Winter barleys

Published: 17 October 2014BACKGROUND: (1,3;1,4)-β-Glucan is an important component of the cell walls of barley grain as it affects processability during the production of alcoholic beverages and has significant human health benefits when consumed above recommended threshold levels. This leads to diametrically opposed quality requirements for different applications as low levels of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan are required for brewing and distilling and high levels for positive impacts on human health. RESULTS: We quantified grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in a collection of 399 2-row Spring-type, and 204 2-row Winter-type elite barley cultivars originating mainly from north western Europe. We combined these data with genotypic information derived using a 9 K Illumina iSelect SNP platform and subsequently carried out a Genome Wide Association Scan (GWAS). Statistical analysis accounting for residual genetic structure within the germplasm collection allowed us to identify significant associations between molecular markers and the phenotypic data. By anchoring the regions that contain these associations to the barley genome assembly we catalogued genes underlying the associations. Based on gene annotations and transcript abundance data we identified candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS: We show that a region of the genome on chromosome 2 containing a cluster of CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE (Csl) genes, including CslF3, CslF4, CslF8, CslF10, CslF12 and CslH, as well as a region on chromosome 1H containing CslF9, are associated with the phenotype in this germplasm. We also observed that several regions identified by GWAS contain glycoside hydrolases that are possibly involved in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan breakdown, together with other genes that might participate in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis, re-modelling or regulation. This analysis provides new opportunities for understanding the genes related to the regulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in cereal grains.Kelly Houston, Joanne Russell, Miriam Schreiber, Claire Halpin, Helena Oakey, Jennifer M Washington, Allan Booth, Neil Shirley, Rachel A Burton, Geoffrey B Fincher and Robbie Waug

Sharing culture in a tech world: Grandparent–grandchild cultural exchanges over video chat.

Grandparents who were separated from their infant grandchildren during COVID-19 sought other ways to connect, including video chat. Video chat supports learning, and its features (e.g., contingent responsiveness) may allow for cultural exchange. However, technological problems may disrupt these exchanges. In a semi-naturalistic, longitudinal study, 47 families submitted up to three video chats and surveys. Families were predominantly White/Caucasian, highly-educated, and lived between 1 and 2700 miles apart. Multilevel models were used to predict the proportion of the sessions devoted to exchanging culture (e.g., holidays, parenting advice) and managing tech problems. Culture exchange did not change as a function of infant age, video chat experience, or when encountering tech problems. Although only marginally statistically significant, culture exchange increased as distance increased. Tech problems changed as a function of tech talk. A qualitative analysis revealed that cultural transmission occurred via a culture of care and sharing of information across video chat, that families adapted their behaviors to the new technology, and that technology disruptions rarely interfered with the flow of information. These findings demonstrate the ability to share culture when physically separated and in the presence of tech disruptions. Further, this study supports previous work on the emerging culture of video chat. Families adapted to being separated, and grandparents and infants successfully communicated through a new modality. Because video chat supports family relationships, equitable access to high-speed internet should be a priority to enable more families to use it

Methodological approaches to measuring mental health in a cost-of-living crisis: a rapid review

Background Cost-of-living crises are damaging to population mental health and require a public health response. It is important to assess whether public health interventions are effective. We aimed to identify population-level methods and measures and the appropriateness of the measures for vulnerable populations. Methods A rapid evidence review was undertaken. Nineteen databases, including grey literature, were searched for evidence published between 1970 and April 2023. Results Seven reviews, nine primary studies and two reports from grey literature were identified. Methods consisted of analyses of existing data from national or regional cohort studies, household panel surveys, repeated cross-sectional surveys, routine medical data, or data on suicide death rates. Twelve brief validated mental health measurement tools, embedded in population-level surveys, were identified. Two quasi-experimental studies used data from a UK household panel survey to examine the impact of the introduction of specific welfare policies on mental health. Studies identified socio-economic vulnerabilities, but it was not possible to determine whether data were effectively captured from people from minority ethnic groups. Conclusion Population-level surveys can be used in quasi-experimental studies to measure the effects of a public health initiative with specific roll out dates to tackle cost-of-living impacts. It is unclear as to whether the identified methods and tools are suitable for use with people from minority ethnic groups

Enseñanza basada en el aprendizaje cooperativo mediado por tecnologías educativas en el bachillerato técnico módulo emprendimiento-gestión

The study focuses on cooperative learning mediated by educational technologies in the Entrepreneurship and Management module of the Baccalaureate, with the aim of improving the quality of the teaching-learning process by exploring innovative pedagogical strategies. It is based on the importance of cooperative work in all curricular areas, as well as the need to guarantee the internal coherence of the didactic proposal. It is based on the theory of constructivism and socioconstructivism, which support the idea that students learn best when they actively interact with their environment and build knowledge together. The implementation of this methodology was carried out through carefully designed and administered surveys to a group of intentionally selected students; fundamental ethical practices were followed throughout the research process. Statistical software was used for data analysis, which included specific tests to determine the association between categorical variables and descriptive analysis techniques. These findings support the effectiveness of cooperative learning mediated by educational technologies in the Technical Baccalaureate of the Entrepreneurship and Management module as an innovative pedagogical strategy that promotes collaboration, equal opportunities, the development of social skills and student autonomy. Furthermore, this methodology is aligned with the legal bases of education in Ecuador and is based on various theoretical bases that support its effectiveness.El estudio se centra en el aprendizaje cooperativo mediado por tecnologías educativas en el módulo de Emprendimiento y Gestión del Bachillerato, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante la exploración de estrategias pedagógicas innovadoras. Se basa en la importancia del trabajo cooperativo en todas las áreas curriculares, así como en la necesidad de garantizar la coherencia interna de la propuesta didáctica. Se fundamenta en la teoría del constructivismo y del socioconstructivismo, que apoyan la idea de que los estudiantes aprenden mejor cuando interactúan activamente con su entorno y construyen conocimiento de manera conjunta. La implementación de esta metodología se realizó a través de encuestas cuidadosamente diseñadas y administradas a un grupo de estudiantes seleccionados intencionalmente, se siguieron prácticas éticas fundamentales en todo el proceso de investigación. Se empleó software estadístico para el análisis de datos, que incluyó pruebas específicas para determinar la asociación entre variables categóricas y técnicas de análisis descriptivo. Estos hallazgos respaldan la efectividad del aprendizaje cooperativo mediado por tecnologías educativas en el Bachillerato Técnico del módulo de Emprendimiento y Gestión como una estrategia pedagógica innovadora que promueve la colaboración, la igualdad de oportunidades, el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y la autonomía del estudiante. Además, esta metodología se alinea con las bases legales de la educación en Ecuador y se sustenta en diversas bases teóricas que respaldan su eficacia

Medición de la productividad en la actividad agrícola

If a company improves its productivity, it automatically raises its structural quality: with the possibility of increasing salaries, greater profitability of capital, incentive for investors, search for new markets and, most importantly, job creation. It is logical that with a greater production using the same resources a greater profit is generated for the company. Therefore, we believe and affirm that productivity is intrinsically related to improving quality, perfecting company standards, committing zero failures in production. Improving the standards saves “unnecessarily spent” resources. This article contains a deductive methodology and bibliographic documentation, allowing to analyze the measurement of agricultural productivity, as a result and discussion the importance of contributing to the reduction of these unemployment rates from strategies aimed at promoting entrepreneurship will be known, for Finally, the research concludes in knowing the productive factors of the companies, applying innovation, new technologies, among others. Agriculture is one of the main activities that contributes economically to the country. In such a way that, being a fundamental activity in the economic environment, it is of great importance to 3 know the evolution during the last years, in order to analyze the changes in its production and its economic valueSi una empresa mejora su productividad, automáticamente eleva su calidad estructural: con posibilidad de aumentar salarios, mayor rentabilidad del capital, incentivo para inversionistas, búsqueda de nuevos mercados y lo más importante, generación de empleo. Es lógico que con una mayor producción utilizando los mismos recursos se genere una mayor utilidad para la empresa. Por eso, creemos y afirmamos que la productividad está intrínsecamente relacionada con la mejora de la calidad, perfeccionando los estándares de la empresa, cometiendo fallas nulas en la producción. Si se mejoran los estándares, se genera un ahorro de recursos “gastados innecesariamente”. El presente artículo contiene una metodología deductiva y la documentación bibliográfica, permitiendo permitirá analizar la medición de la productividad agrícola, en resultado y discusión se conocerá la importancia de aportar a la disminución de estas tasas de desempleo desde estrategias encaminadas al impulso de la empresarización, por último, la investigación concluye en el conocer los factores productivos de las empresas, aplicando innovación, nuevas tecnologías entre otros. La agricultura es una de las actividades primordiales que aporta económicamente al país. De tal manera que, al ser una actividad fundamental en el entorno económico, es de gran importancia conocer la evolución durante los últimos años, con el objeto de analizar los cambios en su producción y su valor económico