RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

This review focuses on electrochemical metallization memory cells (ECM), highlighting their advantages as the next generation memories. In a brief introduction, the basic switching mechanism of ECM cells is described and the historical development is sketched. In a second part, the full spectra of materials and material combinations used for memory device prototypes and for dedicated studies are presented. In a third part, the specific thermodynamics and kinetics of nanosized electrochemical cells are described. The overlapping of the space charge layers is found to be most relevant for the cell properties at rest. The major factors determining the functionality of the ECM cells are the electrode reaction and the transport kinetics. Depending on electrode and/or electrolyte material electron transfer, electro-crystallization or slow diffusion under strong electric fields can be rate determining. In the fourth part, the major device characteristics of ECM cells are explained. Emphasis is placed on switching speed, forming and SET/RESET voltage, R(ON) to R(OFF) ratio, endurance and retention, and scaling potentials. In the last part, circuit design aspects of ECM arrays are discussed, including the pros and cons of active and passive arrays. In the case of passive arrays, the fundamental sneak path problem is described and as well as a possible solution by two anti-serial (complementary) interconnected resistive switches per cell. Furthermore, the prospects of ECM with regard to further scalability and the ability for multi-bit data storage are addressed

Staff development as a factor of competitiveness increase oil and gas industry

Currently, personnel policy in the Russian Federation oil and gas sector needs to be modernized. Previous management systems outdated in most cases. The necessity of raising funds in such areas as human resources management: training, motivation and retraining, as well as interaction with schools and universities. The proposed rationalization measures should serve as a stimulus for the development of staff, as well as lead to significant changes in the formation of the branch system, improving performance and growth of highly qualified personnel in the oil and gas industry. After completing these steps, Russian oil companies can increase their competitive advantage in the global market and increase the attractiveness of the oil and gas industry

ДВОРЯНСТВО ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ І ЛІТЕРАТУРА ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XIX –ПОЧАТКУXX СТ.

В статті розглядається внесок представників дворянських родів Лівобережної України в розвитоклітератури пореформенного періоду. Окреслено основні їх здобутки та подана коротка характеристика літературних розвідок .Стороженка О.П., Ганни Барвінок, Марка Вовчка, СтарицькогоМ.П.. та ін.In the article payment of representatives of the Left-bank nobility is examined in development of literature of poreformennogoperiod.Outlined their basic achievements and short descriptionof literary secret services of .StorozhenkoO. P.,Hanna Barvinok,MarkVovchka, StarickogoM. but insh

The Impacts of Species, Physiological Age and Spacing on Tree Form and Branching

This dissertation examined the impact of species, physiological age and spacing on tree form and branching at a Nelder experiment located near Rolleston, Canterbury. Two species were compared, Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus nitens, at a range of stockings from 271 stems/ha to 40,466 stems/ha. Within the P. radiata, two different physiological ages were compared. Stocking and species significantly affected (p-value <0.05) tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown depth, branch mortality, branch angle, branch size and internode length. Only stocking was statistically significant for crown width, and height from the ground was also statistically significant for branch angle and branch mortality. DBH, crown width, crown depth, branch size and branch survival decreased with increasing stocking for both species. Branch angle and average internode length increased as stocking increased for both species, and branch angle and average internode length also increased as you moved away from the base of the tree. DBH, average internode length and branch size were significantly larger for P. radiata across all stockings, however branch mortality and branch angle were significantly larger for E. nitens. Physiological age was not statistically significant for any aspects of tree form or branching examined in this study