Assessment of efficacy of promethazine on seizure activity and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate in rats

Background: Presently available antiepileptic drugs are effective in controlling seizures in more than half of patients of all epilepsy but use is often limited by adverse effects. H1 receptor antagonists, have a controversial status in patients of epilepsy. Both pro and antiepileptic effect has been documented in various animal studies. Hence, this study was designed to see the effect of promethazine, an H1 antihistaminic drug and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate in rats.Methods: The effect of promethazine (10 mg/kg) and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate was assessed by using maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and chemoshock pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) method.Results: Promethazine along with lorazepam and sodium valproate in subtherapeutic doses exerted significant protection against MES induced seizures whereas no such protection was observed with PTZ method rather the seizure threshold was reduced.Conclusions: Subtherapeutic doses of promethazine alone and in combination with lorazepam and sodium valproate showed protection against seizures in MES method. However, proconvulsant effect was seen with PTZ method. This shows dual behavior of promethazine on MES and PTZ induced seizures.

Non Conventional Principles of Cost Effectiveness in Construction

Cost Effectiveness in Construction is well know pain area prevailing around in the industry for a long and lot of efforts have been made to establish an effective cost model .Unfortunately all the effort have been made to keep control on following conventional parameters • Schedule Control • Material Management • Effective Monitoring and Controlling Even various Management Information Systems and EPR modules have been used to majorly control above mentioned parameters. Above mentioned parameters are limited to the duration of construction but economics of constructed structure is more complex and require extended evaluation not only limited to the construction duration. Cost effectiveness requires a project life cycle perspective where tangible benefits should be evaluated over the period of project economic life. In spite of an effective system to keep track of above mentioned parameter construction companies are finding it difficult to sustain in such a competitive market and they are in continuous hunt to achieve the smarter way to establish cost effective model which could eventually help them to sustain , survive and flourish in today’s competitive market. Following are few project life cycle factors which should be considered for cost evaluation • Initial, Design & construction cost • Ongoing Maintenance and Operation Cost • Parts replacement Cost • Scrap and Salvage Value This paper will high light the need to exploring some other non conventional ways of controlling the cost and achieve the cost target. It will also establish the ways and mechanism to utilize the MIS to effectively apply the Non conventional principles of cost effectiveness in construction

A Technical and Economical Assessment of Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Waste Tyre Rubber In Construction

At present days the disposal of waste tyres is becoming a major waste management problem in the world. One of the major environmental challenges facing municipalities around the world is the disposal of worn out automobile tyres. To address this global problem, several studies have been conducted to examine various application of recycled tyres rubber (Fine crumb rubber and coarse tire chips). It is estimated that 1.2 billion tons of waste tyres rubber produced globally per year. It is estimated that about 60 percent of waste tyres are disposed via unknown routes in the urban as well as rural area. This leads to varies environmental problem which include air pollution associated with open burning of tyres (Particulates, odor, visual impact, and other harm full contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and aesthetic pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize the waste effectively with technical development in each field. The waste tyres can be used as well sized aggregate in the it is cut in the form of aggregate and can be called as rubber aggregate. This not only minimizes the pollution occurred due to waste tyres but also minimizes the use of conventional aggregate which is available in exhaustible quantity. In this context, our present study aims to investigate the optimal use of waste tyres rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete composite. This paper focuses on engineering property of rubber concrete mixture. This includes workability, compressive strength. This paper presents an overview of the research carried out in an effort to utilize scrap tyres in Portland cement concrete. A concrete cubes are casted of M20 grade by replacing 1%, 2%, 5%, percent of tyre aggregate with coarse aggregate. Fresh and hardened concrete strength were identified. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15022

Re-Engineering the alkanolamine absorption process to economize carbon capture

Climate change caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) released from the combustion of fossil fuels threatens to have a devastating impact on human life. Power plants that burn coal and natural gas to produce electricity generate more than half of global CO2 emissions. Separating the CO2 emitted at these large sources of emission, followed by long term storage has been proposed as short to medium term solution to mitigate climate change. Implementation of this strategy called 'Carbon Capture and Storage' would allow the continued use of fossil fuels while simultaneously reduce our CO2 emissions. Technologies such as the alkanolamine absorption process, used to separate CO2 from gas mixtures already exist. However, it is presently infeasible to use them for Carbon Capture and Storage due to their relatively large energy consumption. It is estimated that even with the use of state-of-the-art technology, the cost of electricity will increase by around 90%. The research presented in this dissertation is focused on developing novel strategies to limit the increase in the cost of electricity due to implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage. In order to achieve this objective, a process simulation software; ProMax® has been used to optimize the alkanolamine absorption process to suit Carbon Capture application. A wide range of process operating conditions has been analyzed for their effects on energy consumption. Included in this study are process conditions under which waste heat can be utilized for providing energy instead. Based on this analysis, some of the most energy efficient process configurations have been identified for an economic evaluation of their capital costs. This research has also led to the invention of novel absorbent blends which involve the replacement of water used in CO2 absorbents with alcohols. It has been shown that the use of these absorbents can significantly reduce energy consumption and thereby limit the increase in cost of electricity

Effect of promethazine on seizure activity and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs diazepam and phenytoin in Rats

Background: Current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective in controlling seizures in about 70% patients but use is often limited by adverse effects. Promethazine, H1 receptor antagonist, has a controversial status in patients of epilepsy. Both pro and antiepileptic effect has been documented in various animal studies. Hence, this study was designed to see the effect of promethazine, an H1 antihistaminic drug and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs in rats.Methods: The effect of promethazine (10mg/kg) and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs diazepam and phenytoin was assessed by using maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and chemoshock (PTZ) method.Results: Promethazine along with diazepam in subtherapeutic doses exerted significant protection against MES induced seizures whereas no such protection was observed with PTZ method rather the seizure threshold was reduced.Conclusions: Subtherapeutic doses of Promethazine alone and in combination with diazepam showed protection against seizures in MES method. However, proconvulsant effect was seen with PTZ method suggesting histamine plays a protective role in development of seizures. This shows dual behavior of promethazine on MES and PTZ induced seizures

Evaluation of Green Building with Resources and Cost Aspects

Zero energy home, that produces as much energy as it consumes is an idea whose time has come in today’s world of climate change and high energy prices. In India there is a small but growing movement towards the design and construction of ‘‘green’ ’ buildings . To ensure continued growth in the adoption of green building technologies it is important to ensure that customer needs are being addressed and that claims of performance are warranted; this means evaluating the performance and life-cycle costs of new green buildings as they come on line. In this paper the comparison of green building with conventional building with respect to economy is studied. It also includes study of existing green building, by carrying out survey with respect to energy saving, operating cost, saving in electricity water etc. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15012

Remote Access through Android Devices

Growth in use of Android has led security of Android phone to be an important factor also various daily requirements of the user aren’t satisfied by the preinstalled applications in Android. our application provides a user with access to various features of user’s phone at a remote location. At certain scenarios, it is important for a user to divert all calls and change sound profile of his/her phone while it is at a remote location. Also, this application allows a user to track the phone if lost. Various other facilities like restriction on unauthorized shutdown to avoid scenarios where the phone gets stolen, getting the photo from the remote location. Every single possible way to check the safety of the phone is integrated into a single application that brings this application to a level where even the slightest amount of hope can lead to tracking of the lost phone or even preventing its robbery in first place avoiding the shutdown though

Assessment of Procurement Parameters for A Construction Project

The Procurement of raw material and the handling equipment for the Construction works involve valid sources of supply with varying cost and other liabilities while arriving at the most effective proposal. The abvious parameters for arriving at a purchase decision are cost, lead time, quality of commodity being purchased. Typically supplier are located in a vicinity of the site through their prices could vary amongest themselves as well as the index for the quality. The distant supplier might seem economic for the price while the lead time might not justify the choice. These contrasting needs of the purchasers underline the need for optimal or balanced methods of evaluating the impact on the said resources

CFD Simulation of Centrifugal Pump Impeller Using ANSYS-CFX

ABSTRACT: Centrifugal pumps are a most commonly used in different fields like industries, agriculture and domestic applications. Computational Fluid Dynamics is most commonly used tool for simulation and analysis. 3-D numerical CFD tool is used for simulation of the flow field characteristics inside the turbo machinery. CFD simulation makes it possible to visualize the flow condition inside centrifugal pump. The present paper describes the head, power, efficiency and to evaluate the pump performance using the ANSYS CFX-14, a computational fluid dynamics simulation tool. These simulations of centrifugal pumps are strongly related to cavitation flow phenomena, which may occur in either the rotating runner-impeller or the stationary parts of the centrifugal pumps. The numerical simulation can be used to detect the cavitation in centrifugal pump and to get safe range of operating at different flow rate and rotating speed

A comparative study of MEA and DEA for post-combustion CO2 capture with different process configurations

This paper presented a comparative study of monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) for post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) process with different process configurations to study the interaction effect between solvent and process. The steady state process model of the conventional MEA-based PCC process was developed in Pro/II® and was validated with the experimental data. Then ten different process configurations were simulated for both MEA and DEA. Their performances in energy consumption were compared in terms of reboiler duty and total equivalent work. The results show that DEA generally has better thermal performances than MEA for all these ten process configurations. Seven process configurations provide 0.38%–4.61% total energy saving compared with the conventional PCC process for MEA, and other two configurations are not favourable. For DEA, except one configuration, other process configurations have 0.27%–4.50% total energy saving. This work also analyzed the sensitivities of three key parameters (amine concentration, stripper pressure and lean solvent loading) in conventional process and five process modifications to show optimization strategy