The Truth Between the Teeth: An Analysis of Interproximal Tooth Wear at the Ables Creek Cemetery

Current archaeological knowledge suggests that, by the Late Mississippian period, inhabitants of the southeastern United States had adopted maize agriculture and that maize was a key component of the normal diet. However, in some regions where wild food resources were easily attainable, there is evidence that the transition to agriculture was delayed or did not occur at all. This thesis examines Late Mississippian skeletal collections from two sites in eastern Arkansas, Ables Creek and Upper Nodena. Analysis of differences in interproximal tooth wear facet size and caries rates between the two populations reveals that the diets at these roughly contemporary sites were markedly different. The data collected and presented in this thesis reveals that the Ables Creek skeletal sample has significantly larger interproximal wear facets and dramatically lower caries rates than the Upper Nodena skeletal sample. This thesis discusses the possible cultural and ecological factors that could have led to this dietary difference. Additionally, this thesis introduces and assesses a new method for quantifying interproximal wear facet size

Observation and Modeling of Coronal "Moss" With the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode

Observations of transition region emission in solar active regions represent a powerful tool for determining the properties of hot coronal loops. In this Letter we present the analysis of new observations of active region moss taken with the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the \textit{Hinode} mission. We find that the intensities predicted by steady, uniformly heated loop models are too intense relative to the observations, consistent with previous work. To bring the model into agreement with the observations a filling factor of about 16% is required. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the filling factor in the moss is nonuniform and varies inversely with the loop pressure

Elder Abuse in Rural & Remote Communities: Social Policy, Prevention and Responses

Elder abuse prevalence in rural and remote communities is thought to be similar to that of urban areas. However, factors such as geographic isolation, service and support limitations, and issues around privacy and confidentiality may hinder response efforts in these communities. This article reports the findings of an international scoping literature review focussed on social policy, prevention, and service responses to elder abuse in rural and remote communities. Through literature scoping, stakeholder consultations, and three rounds of screening, 47 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Four Australian elder abuse policy documents, and 14 types of prevention or service responses were identified in the literature, including several Indigenous-specific initiatives. The review highlighted the need for meaningful inclusion of rural and remote communities in elder abuse policy, as well as the importance of community consultation and consideration of the local context in developing prevention and responses for these communities

Elder Abuse in Rural & Remote Communities: Social Policy, Prevention and Responses

Elder abuse prevalence in rural and remote communities is thought to be similar to that of urban areas. However, factors such as geographic isolation, service and support limitations, and issues around privacy and confidentiality may hinder response efforts in these communities. This article reports the findings of an international scoping literature review focussed on social policy, prevention, and service responses to elder abuse in rural and remote communities. Through literature scoping, stakeholder consultations, and three rounds of screening, 47 articles were identified for inclusion in the review. Four Australian elder abuse policy documents, and 14 types of prevention or service responses were identified in the literature, including several Indigenous-specific initiatives. The review highlighted the need for meaningful inclusion of rural and remote communities in elder abuse policy, as well as the importance of community consultation and consideration of the local context in developing prevention and responses for these communities

Constraints on the Heating of High Temperature Active Region Loops: Observations from Hinode and SDO

We present observations of high temperature emission in the core of a solar active region using instruments on Hinode and SDO. These multi-instrument observations allow us to determine the distribution of plasma temperatures and follow the evolution of emission at different temperatures. We find that at the apex of the high temperature loops the emission measure distribution is strongly peaked near 4 MK and falls off sharply at both higher and lower temperatures. Perhaps most significantly, the emission measure at 0.5 MK is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude from the peak at 4 MK. We also find that the temporal evolution in broad-band soft X-ray images is relatively constant over about 6 hours of observing. Observations in the cooler SDO/AIA bandpasses generally do not show cooling loops in the core of the active region, consistent with the steady emission observed at high temperatures. These observations suggest that the high temperature loops observed in the core of an active region are close to equilibrium. We find that it is possible to reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission lines with a simple, high-frequency heating scenario where heating events occur on time scales much less than a cooling time. In contrast, low-frequency heating scenarios, which are commonly invoked to describe nanoflare models of coronal heating, do not reproduce the relative intensities of high temperature emission lines and predict low-temperature emission that is approximately an order of magnitude too large. We also present an initial look at images from the SDO/AIA 94 A channel, which is sensitive to Fe XVIII.Comment: Movies are available at http://tcrb.nrl.navy.mil/~hwarren/temp/papers/active_region_core/ Paper has been refereed and revise

Simulating prehistoric population dynamics and adaptive behavioral responses to the environment in Long House Valley and Black Mesa, Arizona

Dr. Lisa Sattenspiel, Dissertation Supervisor.Field of study: Anthropology."May 2018."This project contributes to our understanding of human adaptability to environmental stress and climate change in Long House Valley and Black Mesa, Arizona from AD 800-1350. This was accomplished through the development of a series of agentbased archaeological models. The first stage, Disaggregation, created a model that simulated individual persons within the Long House Valley landscape, a departure from the household-level models common in archaeological modeling. The second stage, Demography, applied empirically derived fertility and mortality rates to these human populations to provide insight into the effects of such rates on population patterns. The final stage expanded the modeled environment to include Black Mesa and allowed for the migration of individuals and households between the two areas in response to varying environmental and demographic pressures throughout the study period. The results of this project indicate that the introduction of biological and ethnographic realism to a model can produce unexpected results, including those that deviate from the population patterns observed archaeologically. Despite these unexpected interactions, the results support the importance of variations in agricultural productivity in driving human migrations in the region. Future archaeological models should consider further exploration small-scale, local population movements and the effects of dynamically changing fertility and mortality rates.Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-156)