The Application of Goat Bone Waste Activated Charcoal As Manganese Heavy Metal Absorbent in Borehole Water

Abstract: Bone is a waste from livestock that contains both organic and inorganic components. It consists of 69% organic compounds used as raw materials for activated charcoal manufacturing. The research aimed to process goat bone waste into activated charcoal products to absorb manganese-heavy metals in borehole water. This research was conducted through carbonization, activation, and characterization. The goat bone waste was carbonized and heated at 700oC for 1 hour, followed by activation. The absorption of manganese-heavy metal was determined by variating the weight of goat bone activated charcoal in 5 g, 10 g, 15 g with a contact time of 15 and 30 minutes. The goat bone waste charcoal obtained was characterized by proximate test, Fourier  Transform  Infrared  Spectroscopy  (FT-IR), and Scanning  Electron  Microscopy  (SEM). The results showed that goat bone activated charcoal has a water content value of 2%, ash content of 7%, volatile matter of 10%, fixed carbon 87%, and iodine absorption of 968 mg/g. These values still meet the requirement specified in SNI 06-3730-1995 and SNI 06-4253-1996. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis produced functions groups of C–H, C=C, C=H, CºC, N-H dan O–H. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test results found an active charcoal pore diameter of 5,200 mm x 12,952 mm. The efficiency of manganese heavy metals absorption in borehole water ranges from 99.707% - 99.821%.Abstrak: Tulang merupakan limbah hasil peternakan yang pemanfaatannya belum maksimal. Tulang tersusun dari senyawa organik sebesar 69% yang dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan arang aktif. Penelitian bertujuan mengolah limbah tulang kambing menjadi produk arang aktif yang mampu menyerap logam berat mangan pada air sumur bor. Metode penelitian meliputi tahap karbonisasi tulang, tahap aktivasi arang pada suhu 700 oC selama 1 jam, tahap penyerapan logam berat mangan mengunakan variasi berat arang aktif tulang kambing 5 g, 10 g, 15 g dengan waktu kontak 15 dan 30 menit dan tahap analisis meliputi uji proksimat, uji gugus fungsi dan uji morfologi. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan nilai kadar air 2%, kadar abu 7%, volatile matter 10%, fixed karbon 87 %, daya serap yodium 968 mg/g masih memenuhi SNI 06-3730- 1995 dan SNI 06-4253-1996. Uji FTIR menghasilkan gugus fungsi C–H, C=C, C=H, CºC, N-H dan O–H. Pengujian SEM menghasilkan diameter pori arang aktif sebesar 5,200 mm x 12,952 mm. Efesiensi penyerapan logam berat mangan pada air sumur bor berkisar pada 99,707% - 99,821%

Meta-analysis: Relationship between Antenatal Care Visits and Exclusive Breastfeeding

Background: Breastmilk is the main source of nutrition for babies who cannot eat solid food until they are 6 months old. Exclusive breastfeeding education can be given as long as pregnant women make antenatal care visits. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between antenatal care visits and exclusive breastfeeding. Subjects and Method: This study was a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: mothers. Intervention: antenatal care visits. Comparison: no Antenatal Care visits. Result: Exclusive breastfeeding. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles are “Antenatal Care Attendance” or “Antenatal Care Visit” or “Prenatal Care” and “Exclusive Breastfeeding” or “exclu­sively breastfed”. Included articles are full-text English with a cohort study design from 2010 to 2021 and report on adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) in multivariate analysis. Article selection is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies involving 19,716 mothers from Africa, Europe, and Asia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data collected showed that mothers who had antenatal care visits increased 1.50 times for exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who did not visit antenatal care (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.89); (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Antenatal care visits increase exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: antenatal care, exclusive breastfeeding, meta-analisis Correspondence: Aurina Firda Kusuma Wardani. Study Program of Public Health, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara Sukoharjo.  Jl Letjen Sujono Humardani No 1 Jombor, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282135012135 Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2022), 07(01): 9-17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.07.01.0

Meta Analysis: Health Belief Model on Cervical Cancer Screening among Women of Reproductive Age

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and the most common cause of death in women worldwide. Health Belief Model is a theoretical model that explains the influence of beliefs on a person's health behavior, including cervical cancer prevention behavior. This study aims to determine the effect of the HBM construct on cervical cancer screening behavior among women of childbearing age based on a primary study conducted by previous researchers. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with PICO as follows: Population: women of reproductive age, Intervention: HBM constructs of high perceived severity and high self-efficacy. Comparison: low perceived severity and low self-efficacy. Outcome: cervical cancer screening. The articles used in this study were taken from several databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, SpringerLink, Scopus, and SAGE. The keywords used for the search were “Health Belief Model” AND “Cervical Cancer Screening” OR “Cervical Cancer Test” OR “Pap Smear” OR “Papanicolaou Test” OR “VIA Test” OR “Visual Inspection Acetic-Acid” AND “Adjusted Odds Ratio” OR aOR. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles in English and Indonesian with a cross-sectional study design, population of women of childbearing age, and cervical cancer screening as an outcome, analyzed multivariately by including adjusted Odds Ratio/aOR. Articles were selected using the PRISMA flow diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 7 cross-sectional studies from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia were reviewed and meta-analyzed. The results showed that women of childbearing age with high perceived severity were 1.61 times more likely to have cervical cancer screening than those with low perceived severity (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.34; p = 0.01). The data also showed that women of childbearing age with high self-efficacy were 5.91 times more likely to undergo cervical cancer screening than women with low self-efficacy (aOR= 5.91; 95% CI= 3.25 to 10.75; p<0.001). Conclusion: Severity perception and self-efficacy are predictors for tertiary prevention of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Keywords: health belief model, perceived severity, self-efficacy, cervical cancer screening. Correspondence: Afifa Intifadha Habibatullah. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085728146915. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(04): 307-317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.06.04.0

Pengaruh komputasi mental dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Klojen Malang

INDONESIA: Matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang erat kaitannya dengan bilangan dan diajarkan kepada siswa untuk membekali kemampuan berpikir logis, analitis, dan kreatif serta kemampuan bekerja sama. Namun perlu terlebih dahulu menjadikan siswa untuk memiliki kepekaan terhadap bilangan (number sense), misalnya dengan komputasi mental. Komputasi mental dapat membangun dunia atau strategi siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan bilangan, terutama dalam hal berhitung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) mengetahui profil komputasi mental dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan siswa kelas V SD Negeri Klojen Malang, (2) mengetahui pengaruh komputasi mental dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri Klojen Malang. Untuk mencapai tujuan di atas, digunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Komputasi mental operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan sebagai variabel bebas (X) dan hasil belajar sebagai variabel terikat (Y). Penelitian ini mengambil 41 siswa sebagai sampel. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes komputasi mental, dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan tes tulis. Instrumen tes juga diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis dengan mendeskripsikan dan membuat distribusi frekuensi untuk rumusan masalah yang pertama, sedangkan untuk rumusan masalah yang kedua dilakukan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi sederhana, dan uji t kemudian menguji hipotesis dengan bantuan program Microsoft Excel dan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) profil komputasi mental siswa dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan terbilang kurang dan belum mencerminkan tingkat penguasaan bilangan yang memadai, (2) komputasi mental dalam menyelesaikan operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil analisis regresi sederhana t hitung 3,082 > 2,019 t tabel dan nilai signifikannya 0,004 < 0,05, yang berarti semakin baik kemampuan komputasi mental siswa maka semakin baik pula hasil belajarnya. ENGLISH: Mathematics is a subject that is closely related to numbers and is taught to students to equip logical, analytical, and creative thinking and cooperative skills. But it is needd to first make the students have a sensitivity to the numbers (number sense), for example by mental computation. Mental computiation can build a world or student strategy in solving problems related to numbers, especially in terms of numeracy. The purpose of this research was to: (1) determine the profile of mental computation in completing the operation of addition and subtraction of grade V students of Public Elementary School Klojen Malang, (2) determine the effect of mental computation in completing the addition and subtraction operation to the result of learning of the students of grade V Public Elementary School Klojen Malang. To achieve the above objectives, a quantitative research approach with descriptive type was used. Mental computation of addition and subtraction operations as independent variables (X) and learning outcomes as dependent variable (Y). This study took 41 students as sample. The instrument used was questions of mental computation tests, and data collection techniques used were documentation and written tests. The test instrument was also tested for its validity and reliability. The data was analyzed by describing and making the frequency distribution for the first problem formulation, while for the second problem formulation it used classic assumption test, simple regression analysis, and t test then it tested the hypothesis with the aid of Microsoft Excel program and SPSS 16.0. The results showed that, (1) the profile of mental computation of students in completing the addition and subtraction operations was fairly low and did not yet reflect adequate levels of mastery, (2) mental computation in completing the addition and subtraction operations significantly influence the result of student's learning shown by simple regression test result t calculation 3,082> 2,019 t table and significant value 0,004 <0,05, which meant the better student's mental computation ability the better the learning outcomes were

Classification using the C4.5 Algorithm in Predicting Students Organizational Status Amikom University Yogyakarta

Participation in an organization as a college student is an important way to self-improvement. This research analyzes students' learning in an organization and whether the student is active or not active in an organization using the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm. Attributes analyzed were out-of-campus organization, previous organization experience, public speaking, problem-solving, confidence level, and personality. From a question from propagating on October 2021, the researcher collect 203 raw data, with 167 processes ones that were used in this research. The test conducted results in a tree or the decision tree that could be used to decide how active a student is in an organization. The accuracy value of this test using cross-validation resulted in a score of 59.27% or in comparison to the data training: data testing of 4:1 or 80%: 20%

Meta Analysis the Effects of Asbestos and Silica Dust on the Risk of Lung Cancer among Workers

Background: Lung cancer is a cancer whose incidence increases every year and is the number one cancer cause of death in the world. One of the causes of lung cancer comes from occupational exposure in the form of asbestos dust and silica. This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to asbestos and silica dust on the incidence of lung cancer in the working community. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: working society. Intervention: exposure to asbestos dust and silica dust. Comparison: not exposed to asbestos dust and silica dust. Result: lung cancer. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. The keywords to search for articles wer

PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA MENTAL TERHADAP STRESS KERJA PADA PEKERJA WANITA BAGIAN WEAVING

PT Dan Liris bergerak dalam industri tekstil terpadu. PT Dan Liris memiliki beberapa divisi, salah satunya adalah divisi penenunan (weaving). Operator weaving banyak mendapat tekanan yang tinggi dikarenakan barang yang dihasilkan harus sesuai dengan persyaratan klien. Stres adalah akibat dari ketidaksesuaian antara seseorang dan lingkungannya, yang mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan mereka untuk mengatasi berbagai tuntutan yang dibebankan pada mereka, menurut gejala dan tanda fisiologis, perilaku, psikologis, dan somatik. Beban kerja berlebih merupakan salah satu penyebab stres pekerjaan. Hal ini juga yang memicu stress kerja terutama pada pekerja wanita. Studi ini memanfaatkan metode observasi analitis dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampling purposive dipilih untuk mengambil sampel. Pada studi ini, alat yang dipakai meliputi formulir NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) berfungsi menilai beban kerja secara mental yang dialami pekerja, sedangkan kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) berfungsi mengukur stres yang dialami pekerja. Uji korelasi spearman digunakan untuk menganalisis bivariat. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara stres kerja dan beban kerja mental.  Dimana P-value memiliki nilai 0,052 dan nilai r sebesar 0,226. Koefisien korelasi positif, yang berarti bahwa peningkatan beban kerja mental akan diikuti dengan peningkatan stres kerja, dan penurunan beban kerja mental akan diikuti dengan penurunan stres kerja. Temuan studi ini menegaskan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara stress kerja dan beban kerja mental.Translator  Pendahuluan: PT Dan Liris merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri textile terpadu. PT Dan Liris memiliki beberapa divisi, salah satunya adalah divisi penenunan (weaving). Operator weaving banyak mendapat tekanan yang tinggi dikarenakan  barang yang dihasilkan harus sesuai dengan  persyaratan klien. Berdasarkan gejala dan tanda fisiologis, perilaku, psikologis dan somatik, stres adalah hasil dari ketidaksesuaian antara seseorang dan lingkungannya, yang mengakibatkan ketidakmampuan mereka untuk menangani secara efektif berbagai tuntutan yang dibebankan pada mereka. Bekerja di bawah tekanan dengan batas waktu tertentu, bekerja dengan beban kerja berlebih, menjadi salah satu faktor yang  memicu terjadinya stres akibat pekerjaan. Hal ini juga yang memicu stress kerja terutama pada pekerja wanita. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik, dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sample dilakukan dengan cara Purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar kuesioner NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) untuk menilai beban kerja mental, kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) untuk menilai tingkat stres kerja. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi spearman.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan beban kerja mental dan stress kerja yang didapatlkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara beban kerja mental dan stres kerja dengan nilai p-value= 0,052 dan r = 0,226. Koefisien korelasi bertanda positif yang berarti semakin tinggi beban kerja mental, maka akan diikuti tingginya stres kerja dan sebaliknya semakin rendah beban kerja mental, maka stres kerja juga akan semakin rendah.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja mental tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan stres kerja.Kata Kunci: Beban Kerja Mental; Stress Kerj