Evaluation the Role of HR AUDIT in Organization Effectiveness: (Evidence from Banking Sector in Karachi-Pakistan)

The objective of the study is to evaluate the role of HR audit in organization effectiveness; this paper also investigates the influence of human resource practices in the audit process. Human Resources Audit, measures of human resource outputs and effectiveness under the given circumstances and the degree of utilization of human resource outputs. The research focuses on the role of HR audit in organization effectiveness and how well HR managers adopt the HR functions align with the HR strategy, the research is qualitative in nature and 4 in depth interview are conducted with the HR Managers who currently deals the HR functions under the umbrella of HR current practices with compliance and legal requirements, the case study method is selected with “Template analysis’, The respondents reveal that focus on improving the HR functions and implementations  with the alignment of compliance and legal review leads to the strong human resource audit system in banking industry, having the attractive compensation packages can also be a  part of retaining the employees in organizations which shows the good implementation of HR practices in organizations, and besides the compensation packages  others factors like; training and development, recruitment and selection, performance management system, career development, succession planning, employee retention also have an important aspects towards organization effectiveness.  The current study aims to evaluate the role of HR audit on HR functions with the given circumstances and the degree of utilizations of human resource outputs,. Keywords: Human Resource Audit, Human Resource Functions,  Human Resource, Organisation Effectivenes

Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causal relationships among agriculture and exports in Pakistan by using time series data for the period between 1971 and 2007. There are several efforts reflecting greater interest in exploring the possible relation between the international trade and economic growth. Increasing of Gross Domestic Product is the main target of almost every economy. Promoting exports of the country is one of the ways of achieving economic growth. Pakistan is among the developing countries, emphasizing to boost its exports since its inception. The major share of Pakistan’s export has strong backward linkages with the agricultural sector both in terms of primary and value added commodities. The findings have significant implications on Pakistan’s economic policy as both the variables have shown strong long-run relationship. There is also a bi-directional Granger-causality between the total exports and agricultural GDP. However, for short-run, both the variable does not cause each other in either direction.Causality, Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Agriculture, Exports, Pakistan

Internet of Things: smart ubiquitous architecture of intelligent transport system

By 2020, there will be more than 24 billion smart devices connected in the Internet of Things (IoT). Tremendously augmented motorization, population, and urbanization has not only brought us many amenities but also has increased traffic congestion to its limits. In this paper, we used IOT to design an efficient and congestion free Intelligent Transport System (ITS). A lot of research is done to either improve or change any one aspect of ITS at one time. This paper demonstrates every aspect or features of an efficient ITS. The purpose of this research is to provide developing countries a detailed and easy to follow ITS architecture so that they can create an ITS for their populace

Hydatid cyst disease of the thorax

Hydatid disease is a frequently encountered entity in endemic areas and constitutes a serious health problem. The lung is the second most commonly affected organ after the liver. In three of four cases of pulmonary hydatid cyst, the cyst is solitary. The early phase after primary infection is always asymptomatic. Primary symptoms in patients with pulmonary cystic echinococcosis include cough, fever, and chest pain. The clinical and radiological manifestations for the hydatid cyst in the lung depend on the integrity of the cyst. Bronchial fistulization is an important event in the evolution of the cyst. In cases of dubious orientation after the initial study, ultrasonography, conventional tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging prove helpful in delineating the disease accurately. For a specific serologic diagnosis, theimmunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectrophoresis are preferred. Despite the fficacy of new chemotherapeutic regiments, the mainstay of treatment for thoracic hydatidosis remains essentially surgical. In general chemotherapy is used as a complement to surgical treatment to avoid recurrence of the disease. Regardless of the surgical methods adopted, the removal of the parasite intoto, prevention of its dissemination, maximum preservation of pulmonary function, and the immediate obliteration of the remaining cavity are the imperative basis for effective therapy. The most frequent post-surgical complications are pleural infection and prolonged air leakage. The operative morbidity and recurrence rates have been reported with variation. Education of the population in endemic areas regarding the disease transm ission cycle and institution of appropriate prophylaxis are essential steps to eradicate the disease completely

Numberdar Ka Neela: A Study of Postcolonial Context & Anti-Colonialism

Syed Ashraf's novel, "Numberdar Ka Neela," serves as a potent critique of the post-colonial condition. It illustrates how oppression and exploitation persist even after country gains independence. The author delves into issues like power concentration, power abuse, and resistance to oppression, set in the early 1950s post-colonial context. The central character, Thakur Odal Singh, embodies power, exploitation, and tyranny. He symbolizes the forces struggling to retain their dominance in a changing society. Thakur's authority is epitomized by his blue bull, ‘Neela’, representing the violent and destructive consequences of concentrated power. Despite Neela's sacred status in Hindu religion, the villagers gradually realize it is merely a tool of oppression wielded by Thakur to maintain control. The novel culminates with the villagers finally rebelling against this cruelty, resulting in Neela's defeat and disappearance, as well as the demise of Thakur and his two sons. This article critically analyzes the symbolism and postcolonial context of "Neela" in "Numberdar Ka Neela.

Modeling Wastewater Evolution and Management Options under Variable Land Use Scenarios

The development of a reliable decision support system and predictions for water quantity and quality often require a reasonable level of environmental and hydrological simulations at various geographic scales. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model offers distributed parameter and continuous time simulation, and flexible watershed configuration and with the adoption of geographic information system (GIS) technology, a user-friendly and interactive decision support system can be developed for wastewater management. In this chapter, we evaluated the spatio-temporal evolution of wastewater contaminants in an environmentally degraded watershed through integrated field-based investigations and modeling approach. Later, management options were identified to improve the watershed health and agro-environment. The results of the modeling study exhibited variable responses of surface runoff and water quality to different scenarios of land use change. Temporal wastewater analysis indicated a significant impact of seasonality on the contaminants’ population levels. The adopted approach would prove effective in evaluating better management options to reduce negative impacts of wastewater and contaminants for sustainable agro-environment in future

Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causal relationships among agriculture and exports in Pakistan by using time series data for the period between 1971 and 2007. There are several efforts reflecting greater interest in exploring the possible relation between the international trade and economic growth. Increasing of Gross Domestic Product is the main target of almost every economy. Promoting exports of the country is one of the ways of achieving economic growth. Pakistan is among the developing countries, emphasizing to boost its exports since its inception. The major share of Pakistan’s export has strong backward linkages with the agricultural sector both in terms of primary and value added commodities. The findings have significant implications on Pakistan’s economic policy as both the variables have shown strong long-run relationship. There is also a bi-directional Granger-causality between the total exports and agricultural GDP. However, for short-run, both the variable does not cause each other in either direction

Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan

This paper is an attempt to investigate the causal relationships among agriculture and exports in Pakistan by using time series data for the period between 1971 and 2007. There are several efforts reflecting greater interest in exploring the possible relation between the international trade and economic growth. Increasing of Gross Domestic Product is the main target of almost every economy. Promoting exports of the country is one of the ways of achieving economic growth. Pakistan is among the developing countries, emphasizing to boost its exports since its inception. The major share of Pakistan’s export has strong backward linkages with the agricultural sector both in terms of primary and value added commodities. The findings have significant implications on Pakistan’s economic policy as both the variables have shown strong long-run relationship. There is also a bi-directional Granger-causality between the total exports and agricultural GDP. However, for short-run, both the variable does not cause each other in either direction

Effectiveness of pack intervention in the health care profession community on patients satisfaction

Objectives: To explore the factors that measured the patient satisfaction Measurement Tool (PS-MT) after the implementation of the Practical Approach to Care Kit at Primary healthcare centers of Lahore, Pakistan with health professionals who had been trained in the protocol. Methodology: A cross-sectional study through semi-structured interviews were carried out with doctors and nurses working at Primary health care tiers / Basic Health Units (BHUs)/ Dispensaries in the metropolitan city where the protocol was implemented. The interviews took place in the research participant's workplace, between October 2019 and March 2020. Descriptive information was represented in the form of a frequency table and graph and paired t-test was applied on pre and post changing and facilities provided to patients on primary health centers. Results: 400 respondents with 60 years of age visited the hospital.  The majority 212 of the respondents were male patients and 208 patients belong to a rural area. After the intervention, a significant difference was found in hospital management at p-value 0.02 and information system at p-value 0.000 Conclusion: We founded significant change after the implementation of the Practical Approach to Care Kit at primary healthcare centers of Pakistan with health professionals who had been trained in the protocol

Withering timings affect the total free amino acids and mineral contents of tea leaves during black tea manufacturing

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of withering timings (i.e. 0, 21, 22, 23 and 24h) on the moisture, total free amino acids, ash, essential and toxic mineral element contents of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves during black tea manufacturing. Moisture, ash, Na, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Ni and Pb contents were significantly (P<0.05) affected by withering, whereas non-significant (P>0.05) results were noted for total free amino acids, K, Fe and Cd contents. The highest moisture content (76.4%) was examined in fresh leaves that progressively decreased to 63.8% in 24h withering. Total free amino acid contents gradually increased up to 23h and then decreased. Ash, P, Cu, Zn and Mn contents showed an increasing trend with withering time. Conversely, significantly lowered amounts of Na (162.5mg/kg) and Mg (803mg/kg) were recorded in tea leaves after 24h withering. Among the toxic elements, Al, Ni and Pb contents were progressively increased over withering time. It was concluded that tea is a potential source of essential chemical constituents and during processing proper care should be taken to produce high quality black tea