A Theory of Complex Adaptive Learning Based on an Intelligent Trading Probability Wave Equation

Complex adaptive learning is intelligent and crucial in living and inanimate complex systems. A complex system comprises many interacting individuals or units, shows hidden patterns as they interact, and widely occurs in almost every traditional discipline, from natural to social sciences. A recent study has demonstrated a so-called architected material capable of learning. It stimulates scientists to explore the mechanism of complex systems formulation. However, it is very challenging. Here the authors attempt to extract a universal rule or a law of complex adaptive learning subject to local dynamic equilibrium in complex systems from a trading volume-price probability wave equation and apply it to complex quantum systems as its application. It proves particles capable of intelligence-like properties in interactive coherence if the momentum force exerted on the complex quantum systems is non-localized. It is the cumulative probability of the moving particles observed in a time interval. Thus, it assumes that particles in complex quantum systems have a complex adaptive learning- or intelligence-like property in a reinforced coordinate, governed by the exact complex adaptive learning mechanism as that of traders in the complexity of the financial markets. With this assumption, the authors propose an innovative interpretation of entanglement in quantum mechanics. It concludes that quantum entanglement is not a state of the superposition of coherent states as the mainstream Copenhagen school of thought maintains. It is a coherent state in the interaction between two opposite, complementary, and variable forces. The authors look forward to the experimental results to examine its validity and further improve the theory until it is perfect, suggesting industrial production of entanglement resources in new technical routes availableComment: 22 pages in total (double spaces and including a title page and a popular summary), 2 figures, and 20 reference

Dissipation of Impact Stress Waves within the Artificial Blasting Damage Zone in the Surrounding Rocks of Deep Roadway

Artificial explosions are commonly used to prevent rockburst in deep roadways. However, the dissipation of the impact stress wave within the artificial blasting damage zone (ABDZ) of the rocks surrounding a deep roadway has not yet been clarified. The surrounding rocks were divided into the elastic zone, blasting damage zone, plastic zone, and anchorage zone in this research. Meanwhile, the ABDZ was divided into the pulverizing area, fractured area, and cracked area from the inside out. Besides, the model of the normal incidence of the impact stress waves in the ABDZ was established; the attenuation coefficient of the amplitude of the impact stress waves was obtained after it passed through the intact rock mass, and ABDZ, to the anchorage zone. In addition, a numerical simulation was used to study the dynamic response of the vertical stress and impact-induced vibration energy in the surrounding rocks. By doing so, the dissipation of the impact stress waves within the ABDZ of the surrounding rocks was revealed. As demonstrated in the field application, the establishment of the ABDZ in the surrounding rocks reduced the effect of the impact-induced vibration energy on the anchorage support system of the roadway

The current knowledge of hyperaccumulator plants

In recent years, heavy metal pollution in soil has become a serious problem. Remediation technologies have been developed, such as physical remediation, chemical remediation, microbial remediation and other technologies. Among them, phytoremediation has been widely used in practice. In this paper, the present situation of heavy metal pollution in soil in China, the research progress of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by hyperaccumulators are reviewed, to help with follow-up research in this area

Chidamide Reverses Fluzoparib Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) resistance is a new challenge for antitumor therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reversal effects of chidamide on fluzoparib resistance, a PARPi, and its mechanism of action. A fluzoparib-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line was constructed, and the effects of chidamide and fluzoparib on drug-resistant cells were studied in vitro and in vivo. The effects of these drugs on cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, the cell cycle, and apoptosis were detected using an MTT assay, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics was used to identify hub drug resistance genes and Western blots were used to assess the expression of PARP, RAD51, MRE11, cleaved Caspase9, and P-CDK1. Xenograft models were established to analyze the effects of these drugs on nude mice. In vivo results showed that chidamide combined with fluzoparib significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of drug-resistant cells and restored fluzoparib sensitivity to drug-resistant cells. The combination of chidamide and fluzoparib significantly inhibited the expression of the hub drug resistance genes RAD51 and MRE11, arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and induced cell apoptosis. The findings of this work show that chidamide combined with fluzoparib has good antineoplastic activity and reverses TNBC cell resistance to fluzoparil by reducing the expression levels of RAD51 and MRE11

The Synergistic Effects of SHR6390 Combined With Pyrotinib on HER2+/HR+ Breast Cancer

HER2+/HR+ breast cancer is a special molecular type of breast cancer. Existing treatment methods are prone to resistance; "precision treatment" is necessary. Pyrotinib is a pan-her kinase inhibitor that can be used in HER2-positive tumors, while SHR6390 is a CDK4/6 inhibitor that can inhibit ER+ breast cancer cell cycle progression and cancer cell proliferation. In cancer cells, HER2 and CDK4/6 signaling pathways could be nonredundant; co-inhibition of both pathways by combination of SHR6390 and pyrotinib may have synergistic anticancer activity on HER2+/HR+ breast cancer. In this study, we determined the synergy of the two-drug combination and underlying molecular mechanisms. We showed that the combination of SHR6390 and pyrotinib synergistically inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HER2+/HR+ breast cancer cells in vitro. The combination of two drugs induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in HER2+/HR+ breast cancer cell lines. The combination of two drugs prolonged the time to tumor recurrence in the xenograft model system. By second-generation RNA sequencing technology and enrichment analysis of the pyrotinib-resistant cell line, we found that FOXM1 was associated with induced resistance to HER2-targeted therapy. In HER2+/HR+ breast cancer cell lines, the combination of the two drugs could further reduce FOXM1 phosphorylation, thereby enhancing the antitumor effect to a certain extent. These findings suggest that SHR6390 combination with pyrotinib suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HER2+/HR+ breast cancers through regulation of FOXM1

Advances in application of nanomaterials in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

Soil heavy metal pollution has become an environmental problem that has attracted worldwide attention. Nanomaterials have the advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and high reactivity, making nanomaterials remediation technology an excellent application prospect in contaminated soil remediation. This article introduces the main classification of nanomaterials, summarizes the mechanism of nanomaterials to remove heavy metals, and the combination technology of nanomaterials. It provides a scientific reference for the further development of this field

Applications of Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Soil: A Review

Heavy metals are toxic and non-biodegradable environmental contaminants that seriously threaten human health. The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water and soil is an urgent issue from both environmental and biological points of view. Recently, nanomaterials with excellent adsorption capacities, great chemical reactivity, active atomicity, and environmentally friendly performance have attracted widespread interest as potential adsorbents for heavy metal removal. This review first introduces the application of nanomaterials for removing heavy metal ions from the environment. Then, the environmental factors affecting the adsorption of nanomaterials, their toxicity, and environmental risks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of applying nanomaterials in environmental remediation are discussed, which can provide perspectives for future in-depth studies and applications

Increasing meteorological drought under climate change reduces terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon storage

Plants on land absorb about 30% of the CO2 produced by human activities each year, meaning they have mitigated, to some degree, the global warming impacts of human emissions. However, plants are also vulnerable to climate change. While increases in CO2 may have a "fertilizing effect" and increase plant growth and therefore CO2 absorption, other impacts of climate change, such as increasingly frequent and severe droughts, will harm plant growth. In this work, we show that, if the future is powered by fossil-fueled development and CO2 emissions continue to increase, the end of the century will see a 3.5-fold increase in the loss of vegetation productivity due to droughts, especially in cropland. Our results suggest that the "buffering" impact of plants on human CO2 emissions cannot be counted on in an increasingly warm planet and emphasize the importance of greenhouse gas mitigation for vegetation and cropland productivity

Investigation of the Effectiveness of a New Backfilling Method: “Multi-Arch Pier-Column”

Owing to the shortcomings of blindness and inaccuracy when backfilling in goafs and based on the key stratum theory, we propose the “multi-arch pier-column” backfilling method. This method involves drilling holes at specific locations on the surface to inject filling and slurry materials into the goaf and separation area under the key stratum. This allows the broken gangue to be cemented to form a stone body, to improve its overall strength. This process, along with filling in the separation area under the key stratum, ensures that the key stratum does not break, forming a joint medium of “separation area filling body + backfilled pier-columns + key stratum + coal column”, which prevents new subsidence on the surface layer. Using the Gaojialiang coal mine as an example, the effects of the proposed method on controlling surface subsidence were determined using a numerical simulation based on FLAC3D simulation software. The results indicate that this method can effectively control the key stratum and ensure that the surface subsidence is within a safe range. The multi-arch pier-column backfilling method utilises the self-bearing capacity of the overburden structure and greatly reduces the backfilling workload and the cost of backfilling for controlling surface subsidence. At present, the multi-arch pier-column system of the new backfill method is an unexplored and new area of research