A phenol-based compartmental ligand as a potential chemosensor for zinc(ii) cations

An "end-off"-type compartmental Lewis base, 2,6-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl-4-methylphenol (L), was synthesized as a potential chemosensor for Zn2+ ions. L coordinates two Zn2+ cations in methanol-water solution, forming a dinuclear complex whose formulation was confirmed by ESI-MS spectroscopy and Job's plot. The fluorescence of L is remarkably enhanced by Zn2+ as compared with K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions. The fluorescence enhancement is attributed to the complexation of Zn2+ with L, which interrupts the photoinduced electron transfer process and rigidifies the molecular skeleton of L. The fluorescence of L is greatly dependent on the acidity and polarity of the solvents. This compound may be used as a probe to sense Zn2+ ion in polar protic solvents after proper modification

Organic & Hybrid Photonic Crystals for Controlling Light-Matter Interaction Processes

Organic & Hybrid Photonic Crystals for Controlling Light-Matter Interaction Processe

Exploiting wireless received signal strength indicators to detect evil-twin attacks in smart homes

Evil-twin is becoming a common attack in Smart Home environments where an attacker can set up a fake AP to compromise the security of the connected devices. To identify the fake APs, The current approaches of detecting Evil-twin attacks all rely on information such as SSIDs, the MAC address of the genuine AP or network traffic patterns. However, such information can be faked by the attacker, often leading to low detection rates and weak protection. This paper presents a novel evil-twin attack detection method based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our key insight is that the location of the genuine AP rarely moves in a home environment and as a result the RSSI of the genuine AP is relatively stable. Our approach considers the RSSI as a fingerprint of APs and uses the fingerprint of the genuine AP to identify fake ones. We provide two schemes to detect a fake AP in two different scenarios where the genuine AP can be located at either a single or multiple locations in the property, by exploiting the multipath effect of the WIFI signal. As a departure from prior work, our approach does not rely on any professional measurement devices. Experimental results show that our approach can successfully detect 90% of the fake APs, at the cost of an one-off, modest connection delay

DRET:a system for detecting evil-twin attacks in smart homes

Evil-twin is one of most commonly attacks in the WIFI environments, with which an attacker can steal sensitive information by cloning a fake AP in Smart Homes. The current approaches of detecting Evil-twin AP uses some identities/fingerprints of legitimated APs to identify rouge APs. Prior work in the area uses information like SSIDs, MAC addresses, and network traffics to detect bogus APs. However, such information can be easily intimated by the attacker, leading to low detection rates. This paper introduces a novel Evil-Twin AP detection method based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our approach exploits the fact that the AP location is relatively stable in Smart Homes, which is to great extent to meet the requirement of the detection factor not easy to imitate as previous refer. We employ two detection strategies: a single position detection and a multi-positioned detection methods. Our approach exploits the multipath effect of WIFI signals to translate the problem of attack detection into AP positioning detection. Compared to classical detection methods, our approach can perform detection without relying on professional devices. Experimental results show that the single position detection approach achieves 20 seconds’ reduction of delay time with an accuracy of 98%, whereas the multi-positioned detection approach achieves 90% correct

Drift Evaluation of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Sprayer: Effect of Liquid Pressure and Wind Speed on Drift Potential Based on Wind Tunnel Test

Background: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) applied to agricultural plant protection is widely used, and the field of operation is expanding due to their high efficiency and pesticide application reduction. However, the work on pesticide drift lags behind the development of the UAV spraying device. Methods: We compared the spray drift potential at four liquid pressures of 2, 3, 4, and 5 bar ejected from the hydraulic nozzles mounted on a UAV test platform exposed to different wind speeds of 2, 4, and 6 m/s produced by a wind tunnel. The combination of the wind tunnel and the UAV test platform was used to obtain strict test conditions. The droplet size distribution under spray drift pressures was measured by a laser diffraction instrument. Results: Increasing the pressure leads to smaller droplet volume diameters and produced fine droplets of less than 100 µm. The deposition in the drift area was elevated at most of the sampling locations by setting higher pressure and faster wind speed. The deposition ratios were all higher than the flow ratios under three wind speeds after the adjustment of pressures. For most samples within a short drift distance (2–8 m), the drift with the rotor motor off was more than an order of magnitude higher than that with the rotor motor on at a pressure of 3 bar. Conclusions: In this study, the wind speed and liquid pressure all had a significant effect on the UAV spray drift, and the rotor wind significantly inhibited a large number of droplets from drifting further

Controlled Cationic Polymerization of p-Methylstyrene in Ionic Liquid and Its Mechanism

Ionic liquid (IL) as a green solvent is entirely composed of ions; thus, it may be more than a simple solvent for ionic polymerization. Here, the cationic polymerization of p-methylstyrene (p-MeSt) initiated by 1-chloro-1-(4-methylphenyl)-ethane (p-MeStCl)/tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) was systematically studied in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Bmim][NTf2]) IL at −25 °C. The results show that IL did not participate in cationic polymerization, but its ionic environment and high polarity were favorable for the polarization of initiator and monomer and facilitate the controllability. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) trace of the poly(p-methylstyrene) (poly(p-MeSt)) changes from bimodal in dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) to unimodal in IL, and polydispersities Mw/Mn of the polymer in IL showed narrower (1.40–1.59). The reaction rate and heat release rate were milder in IL. The effects of the initiating system, Lewis acid concentration, and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (DTBP) concentration on the polymerization were investigated. The controlled cationic polymerization initiated by p-MeStCl/SnCl4 was obtained. The polymerization mechanism of p-MeSt in [Bmim][NTf2] was also proposed

Development and Prospect of Vacuum High-Pressure Gas Quenching Technology

As industrial modernization surges forward, the heat treatment industry strives for lower pollution, reduced oxidation and defects, minimized waste, and automatization. This paper reviews the mechanisms, processes, equipment, and simulations of the vacuum gas quenching technology, presenting a comprehensive account of the structure and working principle of a typical vacuum gas quenching furnace. Firstly, the mechanism of the heat transfer process, flow process, and flow–heat transfer–phase transition coupling were summarized. Then, the influences of process parameters on the mechanical properties and distortion of vacuum gas quenched workpieces, as well as the process optimization methods, were discussed. Finally, the advantages of vacuum gas quenching in energy saving, low pollution, and high efficiency were introduced, with the future development directions figured out

Basic theory and optimization of gold containing antimony concentrate leaching by alkaline sulfide

As sodium sulfide is easily oxidized to polysulfide and thiosulfate which have a gold leaching effect, gold would dissolve in leaching solution when extracting stibium from gold containing antimony concentrate by alkaline sulfide. Through leaching test and kinetics analysis, the decomposition regularity of sodium sulfide and leaching rate were studied under different leaching conditions. The results indicated that the gold content in antimony concentrate was 28.41g/Mg, and the content of antimony and sulfur was 36.01% and 14.04%, respectively. The main metallic minerals were native gold, arsenopyrite, stibnite, and the gangue minerals were mainly quartz. Anodic polarization curve shows reduced iron powder can increase the peak potential of the oxidation of the leaching solution and it can effectively prevent the decomposition of sodium sulfide and the dissolution of gold. Optimized stibium-extraction efficiency was achieved under the following conditions: a concentration of sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide at 110g/ dm(3) and 20g/dm(3), respectively; a ratio of iron powder to concentrate of 1:30; a ratio of liquid to solid of 5:1; agitation speed of 600rad/min; reaction temperature of 353.15K; and a reaction time of 3 h. Under the optimized conditions, high antimony recovery (97.35%) and low gold dissolution (1.32%) were achieved.</p