Low-Power Redundant-Transition-Free TSPC Dual-Edge-Triggering Flip-Flop Using Single-Transistor-Clocked Buffer

In the modern graphics processing unit (GPU)/artificial intelligence (AI) era, flip-flop (FF) has become one of the most power-hungry blocks in processors. To address this issue, a novel single-phase-clock dual-edge-triggering (DET) FF using a single-transistor-clocked (STC) buffer (STCB) is proposed. The STCB uses a single-clocked transistor in the data sampling path, which completely removes clock redundant transitions (RTs) and internal RTs that exist in other DET designs. Verified by post-layout simulations in 22 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS, when operating at 10% switching activity, the proposed STC-DET outperforms prior state-of-the-art low-power DET in power consumption by 14% and 9.5%, at 0.4 and 0.8 V, respectively. It also achieves the lowest power-delay-product (PDP) among the DETs

Numerical study on characteristics of combustion and pollutant formation in a reheating furnace

Energy consumption of fuel-fired industrial furnace accounts for about 23% of the national total energy consumption every year in China. Meanwhile, the reduction of combustion-generated pollutants in furnace has become very important due to the stringent environment laws and policy introduced in the recent years. It is therefore a great challenge for the researchers to simultaneously enhance the fuel efficiency of the furnace while controlling the pollution emission. In this study, a transient three- dimensional mathematical combustion model coupled with heat transfer and pollution formation model of a walking-beam-type reheating furnace has been developed to simulate the essential combustion, and pollution distribution in the furnace. Based on this model, considering nitrogen oxides formation mechanism, sensitivity study has been carried out to investigate the influence of fuel flow rate, air-fuel ratio on the resultant concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The results of present study provide valuable information for improving the thermal efficiency and pollutant control of reheating furnace

Analysis and Design of a Sub-THz >100Gbps CMOS RF-64QAM Transmitter with On-Chip Antenna for FutureG Wireless Links

FutureG wireless communication aims for data transmission rates of hundreds of gigabits per second (Gbps), utilizing the extensive bandwidth within the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) spectrum and higher-order modulation schemes such as 64QAM to enhance spectral efficiency. Conventional transmitter (TX) architectures face significant challenges at these data rates, especially from power amplifier (PA) design issues like efficiency degradation and AM-PM distortion.This research introduces a bits-to-antenna RF-64QAM TX that constructs the 64QAM constellation directly in the RF domain using three QPSK sub-TXs with weighted amplitude, effectively countering PA nonlinearity challenges. To this end, a sub-THz TX prototype fabricated in 45nm CMOS SOI is presented, showcasing a 40-GHz RF bandwidth, with a measured data rate of 120 Gbps, and an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 16 dBm, paving the way for next-generation wireless communication

Visualization research on modern literature of Dachaihu Decoction and analysis of its clinical compatibility

Objective To clarify the research history, status, and clinical compatibility law of Dachaihu Decoction by analyzing the relevant literature and medical records. Methods Using the method of literature metrology, the relevant literature of Dachaihu Decoction was searched from 1961 to 2021 in CNKI for statistical analysis of the number of publications, journals, disease type and pharmacological effects. Besides, CiteSpace was used to visually analyze the decoction. Screening the efficacy cases of Dachaihu Decoction in CNKI from 2011 to 2021, a standard prescription database was established, a drug co-occurrence complex network was formed, and conducted cluster analysis. Results A total of 1898 literature was included. From 2011 to 2021, there was an overall upward trend in the number of publications, which were mainly published on the Traditional Chinese Medicine journals. Pharmacological studies mainly focused on its anti-inflammatory, liver protection, cholagogic effect, anti-atherosclerosis and lipid-lowering effects. Meanwhile, Dachaihu Decoction was most frequently used for the treatment of acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. The main research focus was the clinical treatment with Dachaihu Decoction in related diseases. In addition, it showed that Dachaihu Decoction was often used in combination with the herbs such as Jinqiancao, Yujin, Jineijin, etc, while Guizhi Fuling Pill is one of the most commonly used combination prescriptions. Conclusions Dachaihu Decoction is one of the popular clinical and classical prescriptions. However, there still lack of high-level evidence both in clinical research and mechanism detection, which needs further study by subsequent researchers

A CMOS Fully Integrated 120-Gbps RF-64QAM F-band Transmitter with an On-Chip Antenna for 6G Wireless Communication

This paper presents a single-chip bits-to-antenna transmitter (TX) for >100 Gbps in 45nm CMOS SOI. The construction of the 64QAM constellation is achieved directly in the RF domain by utilizing three QPSK sub-TXs with weighted amplitude. This method significantly reduces the need to address power amplifier nonlinear effects in high-order modulation, thereby creating room for TX enhancements in both bandwidth and output power. To further improve TX performance, multi-step phase alignment strategies, and a local oscillator leakage suppression technique have been incorporated. With 40-GHz RF bandwidth, the RF-64QAM TX prototype is able to achieve a measured data rate of 120 Gbps with 15dBm effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP)

Iridium- and Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Activation and Formyl Alkynylation of Benzaldehydes under Chelation-Assistance

Mild and efficient synthesis of ynones via Ir(III)- and Rh(III)-catalyzed, chelation-assisted formyl C-H alkynylation of benzaldehydes has been achieved using hypervalent iodine-alkyne reagents. Rhodium and iridium catalysis exhibited complementary substrate scope

Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation of Arenes Using Alkylboron Reagents

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct alkylation of arenes using commercially available alkyltrifluoroborates is disclosed. Oximes, heteroarenes, azomethines, N-nitrosoamines, and amides are viable directing groups to entail this transformation. The alkyl group in the boron reagent can be extended to primary alkyls, benzyl, and cycloalkyls, and the reaction proceeded with controllable mono- and dialkylation selectivity when both ortho C-H sites are accessible

Access to Indenones by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Annulation of Arylnitrones with Internal Alkynes

Under redox-neutral conditions, rhodium(III)-catalyzed C–H annulation of <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-butyl-α-arylnitrones with internal alkynes has been realized for the synthesis of indenones under mild conditions. This reaction proceeded in moderate to high yields and with good functional group tolerance