Study on Zhuang People’s Cognitive Situation From the Perspective of Sawndip’s Semantic Component: Based on Animals and Plants Sawndip

Semantic component of a character is relevant to the meaning of a word which is recorded by the character. It is an important research idea for the modern cognitive science. Study shows that in terms of animals and plants Sawndip, Zhuang people learn the semantic component of Chinese characters systematically, and they are very clear about the categorical meaning of the semantic component. Sawndip has been created on the basis of Chinese characters, at the same time it has been reflecting fully the creativity of Zhuang people in the course of being used. On the one hand, Zhuang people have added the relative semantic component to some borrowing Chinese characters which did not have one. This phenomenon has shown that Zhuang people extremely emphasize the generic feature of things in the practice of cognition. On the other hand, to record some Zhuang words of animals and plants, Sawndip have the semantic components to be different from Chinese characters. Comparing with Han, this situation has shown that Zhuang people have different perceptions of the categories and characteristics of those animals and plants. The Zhuang people’s creative use of semantic component of Sawndip, it is an effective interpretation of “the Zhuang Localisation”

Enhanced specific immune responses by CpG DNA in mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen and HB vaccine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B vaccine adjuvant, alum, is generally used for vaccination although it does not stimulate Th1 immunity and 10% of the population has low or no antibody response. Efforts have been continued to find more efficient vaccine adjuvants for better antibody response as well as stimulation of Th1 immunity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CpG DNA was used as an adjuvant for recombinant HBsAg to immunize 6- to 8-week-old female BALB/c mice with or without alum for different dosages. The production of HBsAb, CD80 and CD86 from dendritic cells, and cytokines IL-10, IL12, etc., were analyzed and compared for the performance of immunization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>5-20 μg CpG DNA had the best co-stimulation effect of HBsAb serum conversion for mice vaccinated with recombinant expressed HBsAg. The mice vaccinated with recombinant 20 μg CpG DNA and regular vaccine (containing alum adjuvant) had the highest concentration of antibody production. IL-12b, IL-12a and IL10 mRNA reached to the peak level between 3 and 6 hours after the CpG DNA induction in splenocytes. The expression levels of CD80 and CD86 leucocyte surface molecules were increased with 20 μg CpG DNA alone or with 20 μg CpG DNA and 4 μg HBsAg.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results confirmed the adjuvant effect of CpG DNA for HBsAg in the mouse model. The increase of IL10 and IL12 production suggested the involvement of Th1 cell activation. The activation of CD80 and CD86 molecules by CpG-ODN might be part of the mechanism of T/B cells coordination and the enhancement of recombinant HBsAg induced immune response.</p

Intra-layer doping effects on the high-energy magnetic correlations in NaFeAs

We have used Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) and dynamical susceptibility calculations to study the magnetic excitations in NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$As (x = 0, 0.03, and 0.08). Despite a relatively low ordered magnetic moment, collective magnetic modes are observed in parent compounds (x = 0) and persist in optimally (x = 0.03) and overdoped (x = 0.08) samples. Their magnetic bandwidths are unaffected by doping within the range investigated. High energy magnetic excitations in iron pnictides are robust against doping, and present irrespectively of the ordered magnetic moment. Nevertheless, Co doping slightly reduces the overall magnetic spectral weight, differently from previous studies on hole-doped BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$, where it was observed constant. Finally, we demonstrate that the doping evolution of magnetic modes is different for the dopants being inside or outside the Fe-As layer.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure