The increase cash holdings of UK public firms

There are lots of study show that cash holding of U.S. companies increased during the last two decades. However, there are only limited studies based on UK market. As there are some difference between US and UK corporate governance, which result in different ownership structure. So i expected UK public companies should hold more cash than US public companies. In this paper i mainly followed model Bates(2009) applied to investigate UK public companies cash holidngs

THE EFFECT OF FORMAL SCHEMA ON COLLEGE ENGLISH LISTENING COMPREHENSION IN EFL

Abstract: Listening comprehension used to be thought of as a passive skill, and listeners were called as“tape-recorder” (Anderson Lynch,1988). But in fact it is an active process, in which what the listener wants to get is an adequate understanding of what the speaker said and what the speaker meant. To achieve this purpose, English listeners should utilize contextual clues, background knowledge and depend on many learning strategies. Active listeners will understand what the speakers said with relevant background knowledge and their particular purpose. In recent years, there has been a lot of progress English listening teaching in China, and studies on application of schema theory into listening comprehension have become more and more popular in both pedagogical theory and experiments. Schema is one of major factors that affect people’s listening comprehension. The present study, with second-year non-English majors as subjects, aimed to investigate the effect of formal schema on college English listening comprehension. It was found that when there is a lack of relevant formal schema, there will be a short-circuit of listening comprehension. It is also proved that activation of formal schema improves college students’ listening comprehension. Therefore, it is necessary to improve college students’ language skills and help them build up relevant formal schema as well. Key words: formal schema, listening comprehension, college English PENGARUH SKEMA FORMAL TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN MENYIMAK BAHASA INGGRIS PADA KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS SEBAGAI BAHASA ASING Abstrak: Pemahaman menyimak sebelumnya seringkali dianggap sebagai keterampilan pasif, dan para pendengarnya disebut “alat rekam” (Anderson Lynch, 1988). Tapi, kenyataannya, menyimak adalah proses aktif, dimana apa yang diinginkan pendengar adalah pemahaman yang memadai terhadap apa yang dikatakan oleh penutur dan maksud dari penutur. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, para penyimak bahasa Inggris harus memanfaatkan petunjuk-petunjuk kontekstual, pengetahuan latar belakang dan bergantung pada berbagai strategi belajar. Para penyimak aktif akan memahami apa yang dikatakan penutur dengan pengetahuan yang relevan dan tujuan khususnya. Akhir-akhir ini, ada banyak kemajuan dalam pengajaran menyimak di Cina, dan kajian-kajian mengenai penerapan teori skema pada pemahaman menyimak telah menjadi semakin populer baik dalam teori maupun eksperimen pedagogik. Skema adalah salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pemahaman menyimak orang-orang. Kajian ini, dengan mahasiswa non-bahasa Inggris tingkat dua sebagai subyeknya, bertujuan menyelidiki pengaruh dari skema formal terhadap pemahaman menyimak bahasa Inggris di perguruan tinggi. Ditemukan bahwa ketika ada kekurangan akan skema formal yang relevan, akan ada “hubungan arus pendek” dalam pemahaman menyimak. Terbukti juga bahwa aktivasi skema formal meningkatkan pemahaman menyimak para mahasiswa. Karena itu, penting untuk meningkatkan keterampilan-keterampilan bahasa mahasiswa dan juga membantu mereka membangun skema formal yang relevan. Kata kunci: Skema formal, pemahaman menyimak, bahasa Inggris perguruan tingg

Monitoring Aging of Power Semiconductor Devices Based on Case Temperature

The aging of an electronic component in an electronic power converter can be monitored based on two or more case temperature measurements. A power electronic device is enclosed in a package having a baseplate, in which the power electronic device generates heat during operation and the baseplate transfers heat to a heat dissipating device or a cooling device. Sensors measure temperatures at first and second locations on a surface of the baseplate. A data processor calculates a value for a first parameter based on the temperatures at the first and second locations, in which the first parameter is indicative of an aging process of the power electronic device, and generates a first signal based on mined threshold. The data processor calculates a value for a second parameter based on the first parameter value, a predetermined look-up table, and the temperatures at the first and second locations, in which the second parameter is indicative of another aging process of the semiconductor switching devices, and generates a second signal based on a comparison of the calculated value and a second predetermined threshold

Constructing G2 Continuous Curve on Freeform Surface with Normal Projection

AbstractThis article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surface with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector, respectively, at every point. First, a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space. Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface. The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve, which can be obtained by numerically solving the initial- value problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit case. Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve, which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand. The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface. Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control (NC) machining, path planning for robotic fibre placement, patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields

Constructing G2 Continuous Curve on Freeform Surface with Normal Projection

AbstractThis article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surface with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector, respectively, at every point. First, a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space. Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface. The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve, which can be obtained by numerically solving the initial- value problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit case. Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve, which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand. The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface. Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control (NC) machining, path planning for robotic fibre placement, patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields

The increase cash holdings of UK public firms

There are lots of study show that cash holding of U.S. companies increased during the last two decades. However, there are only limited studies based on UK market. As there are some difference between US and UK corporate governance, which result in different ownership structure. So i expected UK public companies should hold more cash than US public companies. In this paper i mainly followed model Bates(2009) applied to investigate UK public companies cash holidngs