Quantum All-Subkeys-Recovery Attacks on 6-round Feistel-2* Structure Based on Multi-Equations Quantum Claw Finding

Exploiting quantum mechanisms, quantum attacks have the potential ability to break the cipher structure. Recently, Ito et al. proposed a quantum attack on Feistel-2* structure (Ito et al.'s attack) based onthe Q2 model. However, it is not realistic since the quantum oracle needs to be accessed by the adversary, and the data complexityis high. To solve this problem, a quantum all-subkeys-recovery (ASR) attack based on multi-equations quantum claw-finding is proposed, which takes a more realistic model, the Q1 model, as the scenario, and only requires 3 plain-ciphertext pairs to quickly crack the 6-round Feistel-2* structure. First, we proposed a multi-equations quantum claw-finding algorithm to solve the claw problem of finding multiple equations. In addition, Grover's algorithm is used to speedup the rest subkeys recovery. Compared with Ito et al.'s attack, the data complexity of our attack is reduced from O(2^n) to O(1), while the time complexity and memory complexity are also significantly reduced.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

A novel fault location method for a cross-bonded hv cable system based on sheath current monitoring

In order to improve the practice in the operation and maintenance of high voltage (HV) cables, this paper proposes a fault location method based on the monitoring of cable sheath currents for use in cross-bonded HV cable systems. This method first analyzes the power–frequency component of the sheath current, which can be acquired at cable terminals and cable link boxes, using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The cable segment where a fault occurs can be localized by the phase difference between the sheath currents at the two ends of the cable segment, because current would flow in the opposite direction towards the two ends of the cable segment with fault. Conversely, in other healthy cable segments of the same circuit, sheath currents would flow in the same direction. The exact fault position can then be located via electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) analysis of the fault transients of the sheath current. The sheath currents have been simulated and analyzed by assuming a single-phase short-circuit fault to occur in every cable segment of a selected cross-bonded high voltage cable circuit. The sheath current monitoring system has been implemented in a 110 kV cable circuit in China. Results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and effective in location of HV cable short circuit faults

Reduction in the Number of Fault Injections for Blind Fault Attack on SPN Block Ciphers

In 2014, a new fault analysis called blind fault attack (BFA) was proposed, in which attackers can only obtain the number of different faulty outputs without knowing the public data. The original BFA requires 480,000 fault injections to recover a 128-bit AES key. This work attempts to reduce the number of fault injections under the same attack assumptions. We analyze BFA from an information theoretical perspective and introduce a new probability-based distinguisher. Three approaches are proposed for different attack scenarios. The best one realized a 66.8% reduction of the number of fault injections on AES

Changes in clinical and CT manifestations related to liver abscesses in patients with vs. without basic diabetes mellitus before and after CT-guided interventional therapy: An observational study

Purpose: To explore differences in the changes of clinical and CT manifestations related to liver abscess before and after CT-guided interventional therapy between patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with liver abscesses were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent upper abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans before and after CT-guided interventional therapy. They were divided into two groups including the DM group (n=30) and the Non-DM group (n=28) if the liver abscess occurred in patients with and without DM, respectively. The changes in the clinical and CT manifestations related to liver abscess after CT-guided interventional therapy in both groups were statistically analyzed. Results: After CT-guided interventional therapy, the length of hospital stay, white blood cell recovery time and drainage tube removal time in the DM group were longer than in the Non-DM group (all p-values < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the DM group was higher than in the Non-DM group (p < 0.05). As shown on CT, the postoperative reduced percentage of maximum diameter of abscess cavity and the reduction rate of edema band surrounding the liver abscess in the DM group were smaller than in the Non-DM group (both p-values < 0.05). The time intervals of the previous characteristic changes on CT before and after interventional therapy in the DM group were longer than in the Non-DM group (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: The liver abscesses patients with DM could not have a faster recovery and better therapeutic effect than those without DM after the CT-guided interventional therapy

Over-the-Air Testing for Connecting Faults Diagnosis in Beamforming Antenna Arrays with Short Measurement Distance

A novel diagnosis method for detecting the connecting faults (i.e., disconnected and misconnected antenna elements) in beamforming antenna array is proposed. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, the proposed diagnosis method can be conducted when the phased array operates in its default beam-steering mode. Moreover, the proposed diagnosis method is fast since it only requires a few near-field measurement positions in a very short distance (i.e., the near-field of the array). Measurement uncertainties, e.g., the scatterings from the practical testing environment, are considered in the method. Therefore, the proposed method can robustly detect beamforming array connecting faults in practical production line testing environments. The method is first validated using an 11-element dual-polarized base station (BS) antenna array at 2.7 GHz by numerical simulations. It is further experimentally validated using an eight-element single-polarized patch antenna array at 3.6 GHz. The same antenna array also serves as the probe array with only a 10-cm distance between the antenna under test (AUT) and the probe array. The diagnosis results for different types of connecting faults with numerical simulations and measurement validations have verified the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in practical applications.</p

Case report: A 10-year prognosis of neonatal diabetes caused by a novel INS gene mutation

BackgroundNeonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of diabetes. We analyzed a novel insulin gene (INS) mutation of a Chinese permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) patient to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics and put forward some opinions on treatment and its long-term management.Case descriptionA proband was recruited who was diagnosed with permanent neonatal diabetes on his first day after birth. His clinical and follow-up data were collected for 10 years. All of the family members were given an oral glucose tolerance test. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband, and the genomic DNA of family members was used for verification by first-generation Sanger sequencing technology. The pathogenic variant was screened according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification guidelines and the clinical phenotype of the patient.Diagnostic assessmentThe proband was diagnosed on the first day after birth, presenting with low birth weight, progressive hyperglycemia, and insulin deficiency. His parents and grandfathers were confirmed to have normal blood sugar levels. A novel homozygous mutation of c.1T&gt;C in the INS gene was detected in the proband, located in the initiation codon. The heterozygous mutations were found in four family members, including his mother, father, and grandfathers. With regular insulin injections, long-term regular follow-up, close monitoring of blood glucose, balanced exercise and diet, and psychological and mutual family support, the blood glucose level was well controlled; there were no acute or chronic complications during this decade. The patient’s growth and nervous system development are now no different to those of the same age.ConclusionA favorable prognosis is presented for a permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) patient with a novel mutation in the INS gene in China. The present findings indicate that the genetic diagnosis, early use of insulin, close monitoring of blood glucose, and psychological and mutual family support for patients with INS mutation are necessary for their favorable long-term prognosis