The Study of paper surface efficiency

Paper surface efficiency (PSE) is a response resulting from the combination of paper gloss and oil absorptivity. A review of previous studies regarding the effect of paper surface efficiency on printed process color appearance is presented. This previous work related densitometric responses to PSE in terms of hue error and grayness. This current study investigated the PSE response in a similar manner, but densitometric responses were replaced by colorimetry. The colorimetric terms used were chroma (C*), huedifference (AH*), and lightness(L*). These correspond to hue error and grayness of the densitometric responses. Simple linear regression models relating the PSE and each response were constructed based on 13 kinds of paper printed with Hint cyan ink. The variable due to paper color was suppressed. The densitometric analysis generated results that verified Preucil\u27s investigation. These found that as the PSE increased, hue error and grayness decreased. The colorimetric analysis indicated a large color difference in the cyan ink due to PSE difference between coated and uncoated papers. This difference was more than 10 AE units. The difference was mainly due to the differences in chroma (AC*) and lightness (AL*); however, there was a small amount of hue-difference (AH*). The linear relationships between PSE vs. C* and PSE vs. L* were established and the correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. This analysis found that the correlations were significant and were used to predict the colorimetric responses (C*, L*) of an ink when printed on papers having different PSE. The models generated with the Flint Inks were tested with 9 additional papers printed at RIT with cyan ink to confirm the results and usefulness of the predictions. This analysis suggested the same concept as the previous one that there is a significant linear correlation between PSE vs. C* and PSE vs. L*- The straight lines that were generated were not the same for the two groups of prints that were investigated. This thesis contributes a useful framework for evaluating color using colorimetry as a function of PSE. With additional study, colorimetric analysis could become a better method for evaluating color in printing than densitometry

Social Support and Coping of Indonesian Family Caregivers Caring for Persons with Schizophrenia

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between social support and coping of family caregivers caring for persons with schizophrenia in West Java Province, Indonesia. Methods: This study used the correlational design. Eighty eight family caregivers who cared for persons with schizophrenia were recruited from the Outpatient Department of West Java Province Mental Hospital, West Java, Indonesia through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires using the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) and the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS). Then, data was analyzed by descriptive and Pearson\u27s product-moment correlation statistic.Results: Overall social support was perceived at a moderate level. The most often coping methods used was optimistic optimistic, followed by self-reliant coping, confrontative coping, and supportant coping. There were significant positive correlation between social support and confrontative coping (r = .68, p < .01), optimistic coping (r = .42, p < .01), and supportant coping (r = .46, p < .01). Social support was significantly and negatively correlate with evasive coping (r = -.52, p < .01) and fatalistic coping (r = -.41, p < .05).Conclusion: For nurses, providing social support including emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support were to be important for caregiver to determine effective coping strategies

Sodium and protein nutrition of lactating cows under tropical conditions

Dairy cows in Thailand are Holstein Friesian crossbreds (87.5% HF) and it is generally accepted that current milk yields of these cows are below their potential. The main reason for the low milk production of these dairy cows in Thailand is related to the prevailing environmental conditions. The tropical climate is an important constraint for milk production because of two main reasons. First, it is well known that the digestibility of forages is negatively affected by tropical conditions. Unfavorable growth conditions can result in low contents of protein and minerals in the plant and high amounts of so called structural carbohydrates. Secondly, heat stress affects animal performance by affecting feed intake. The objectives of this thesis were to provide a basis for improvement of milk production in small farm holders in Thailand through supplementation of protein and salt (NaCl). Four experimental objectives were identified for this research, and it was anticipated that the outcome of the research can be applied so as to improve dairy production in Thailand and potentially other countries where dairy cows are maintained under tropical conditions. In Chapter 2, a preliminary investigation is described into the relationship between ration composition and milk production of dairy cows in Thailand. The positive correlation between milk yield and crude protein (CP) intake was high during early lactation (r = 0.65). Cows consumed 5 and 8% greater CP than requirement during early- and mid-lactation, respectively. Interestingly, significant positive correlations were found between Na intake and milk yield. This observations is somewhat difficult to explain as Na intake was highly correlated with concentrate intake (r = 0.66). In other words, the increased milk yield may been related to a higher intake of Na but this was confounded with the amount of concentrate intake. In conclusion, protein, non-fibre carbohydrates and Na intake may have limited milk production by dairy cows on the Thai farms participating in the current study. The study in Chapter 3 investigated the Na requirement of lactating dairy cows under tropical conditions by measuring Na in saliva, milk and faeces. The Na intake did not change the concentrations of Na and K in milk, faeces and serum, but did affect sodium concentration in the saliva. This observation was corroborated by the salivary Na and K concentrations with the cows on the low NaCl diet having a salivary Na concentrations 20 mmol/L (P In Chapter 4, the assessment of the Na requirement of heat stressed lactating cows is hindered by accurate estimates of the Na losses through sweat. Direct studies, therefore, are needed on the time course of healthy animals to become Na depleted and the subsequent rate of repletion. The rate of Na depletion and subsequent rate of Na repletion with two levels of dietary Na to lactating dairy cows housed under tropical conditions was investigated using the salivary Na/K. The 12 lactating cows rapidly developed clinical signs of Na deficiency, including pica, polyuria and polydipsia, reduced body weight and reduced milk yield when fed a Na-low (0.33 g/kg DM) ration during 3 weeks. Deficiency symptoms were associated with a rapid decrease in salivary Na/K ratio to 6. A daily Na intake of heat-stressed lactating cows to a ration intake of 1.6 g Na/kg DM was insufficient to restore Na deficiency. One week was sufficient to deplete heat-stressed lactating cows of Na allowing for rapid dose-response studies utilizing the salivary Na/K ratio as a parameter for Na status of cows under tropical conditions. In Chapter 5, an experiment is reported where the effects of two levels of dietary CP in concentrates with similar proportions of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on rumen metabolism, milk yield and composition in mid lactating cows was investigated. Concentrate feeds were formulated to provide low dietary CP [17.3%; LCP] or high dietary CP [19.0%; HCP]. The proportion of rumen degradable protein and RUP was 61% and 39% in both diets, respectively. Diets were isocaloric in terms of net energy for lactation. Milk yield, milk lactose yield, dry matter intake (DMI), and apparent digestibility of DM, CP and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were greater in cows fed the HCP than in those fed the LCP. Concentration of blood urea nitrogen (N) was elevated in cows fed HCP diets. Rumen ammonia-N concentration and pH tended to increase in cows fed the HCP diet. Rumen microorganism counts and volatile fatty acids levels in the rumen did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, increasing CP content in mid-lactating cow was beneficial to increase DMI, apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF and therefore milk yield. In Chapter 6, the results of the experimental studies reported in this thesis are discussed in light of Thai dairy production conditions.</p

A Study of Suwit Bawonwattanaûs Solo Organ on Khaek-Mon Sam Chan

A study on solo organ Khaek-Mon Sam Chan by Master Suwit Bawonwattana has the objective ofstudying the background of string instrument concurrently with the organ mixed musical ensemble ofVacharabanleng Ensemble, as well as the biography of Master Suwit Bawonwattana and analysis of hissolo organ music along with string instrument ensemble called Vacharabanleng Ensemble (formerly“Techasenee Ensemble”). During the World War II, the string musical instrument synchronized withorgan ensemble called Techasenee was organized and run by Master Juar Seniwongse Na Ayudhaya,who is the first ensemble supporter during the time from A.D. 1954 - 1957, the following supporter isKhun Suwit Bawonwattana who managed the ensemble during the year of 1957- 1999, and the nextsuccessor is Khun Yubha Vacharanak, who subsequently changed the musical ensemble from Techasenito Vacharabanleng.The biography of Master Suwit Bawonwattana is that he was born from a family with the father whowas an ardent musician in string musical instrument, a well-trained in Saw-duang (treble fiddle) andviolin. Khun Suwit has inherited the musical talent from his father, he was interested in music since theage of 7, he was trained to play treble fiddle by Master Pew and at the age of 11, he was trained to playKhim (Chinese cembalo) by Master Prom and when at teenage he was trained by Master Phut Nanathapholto play Khim solo for the song of Lao Pan, Phya Soke, Nok Khamin, Saradhi and so on. Khun Suwit wasalso accepted by the great Thai musical master, Phya Prasan Duriyasap, the Chief of Musical Departmentunder the King Rama VI reign. He has also trained on Saw Ou (alto fiddle) by Master LuangPhailoa Siang Saw, trained on Saw Sam Sai (three-string fiddle) by Master Devaprasit Pathayakosol,trained on organ by Master Juar Seniwong Na Ayudhaya. Master Devaprasit was the successor chief ofthe Thai musical band Techaseni following Master Juar Senewong Na Ayudhaya.In regard of the solo organ for Khaek Mon song, it needs to play organ musical instrument by flickingand striking organ, there is also other technique that the player should practice to play with eight tonemovement in concurrent with using the feet to produce sound through the organ valve. Playing musicalorgan with the eight tone movement is one of the technique, there are other tactics such as flicking,striking for example, which is lesser used than the eight tone movement, particularly for those whowants to use these techniques must be good at music lingering, one of frequently used tactic of playingmusical organ.Key words: Suwit Bawonwattana’s solo organ, Khaek-Mon Sam Chan, biograph

Developing the Quality of ICT Competency Instrument for Lower Secondary School Students

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and investigated the quality of ICT competency instrument. The respondents were 364 lower- secondary school students and research instrument was ICT self-assessment questionnaire. To ensure the instrument quality, the reliability was checked Cranach's alpha coefficient using SPSS and content validity was examined through IOC analysis. Moreover, the construct validity was examined through the secondary-order confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL.Results reveal that the reliability of questionnaire was very high. In addition, the questionnaire had acceptable content validity and the secondary-order CFA showed that the measurement model of ICT competency fitted the data quite well

THE IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING, CALLING, AND RELIGIOUS COPING ON BURNOUT, MEDIATED BY JOB STRESSORS, AMONG THAI PROTESTANT PASTORS

The present study attempted to investigate the direct and indirect influences of spiritual well-being, calling, and religious coping on burnout among Protestant Thai pastors, being mediated by job stressors. This investigation consisted of two parts (Study 1 and 2) which included the examination of the psychometric properties of five Thai-translated Western-based measures: The Clergy Spiritual Well-Being Scale (CSWS), the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ), the Brief Religious Coping (Brief RCOPE), the Challenge and Hindrance Stressors Scale (CHSS), and the Francis Burnout Inventory (FBI). The participants consisted of 505 Thai Protestant pastors aged between 23 to 65 years, recruited from three major Christian church organizations in Thailand. The results revealed that (1) the five Thai-translated measures were psychometrically sound (reliable and valid); (2) both spiritual well-being and calling have direct influences on burnout; (3) only religious coping has an indirect influence on burnout, being mediated by job stressors; (4) the full path model which incorporated the hypothesized direct and indirect influences is a better representation of causal relationships among the variables than the indirect model

DESIGNING THE INNOVATIVE LEARNING MANAGEMENT PLANS IN FORM OF THE STEM EDUCATION INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD TO DEVELOP THE PRIMARY STUDENTS OF THEIR CREATIVE THINKING LEARNING PROCESSES IN SCIENCE CLASS AT THE 2ND GRADE LEVEL

The purposes of this research study for designing the innovative learning management lesson plans in the form of the STEM Education Method (STEMe) on Magnetic Force Issue in science class which were to develop an innovative learning management lesson plan that based on the model of learning management with the STEMe, students’ learning achievements of their assessing pretest and posttest techniques based on the STEMe were compared, students’ creative thinking abilities (CTA) of their pre-CAT and post-CAT based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were assessed, and students’ learning achievements of their assessing posttest and their creative thinking abilities based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were associated. Administering this research target group which a sample consisted of 32-primary students at the 2nd grade level in the second semester in the academic year 2016 from Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University Demonstration School under the Office of Higher Educational Commission was selected. Using a main Innovative Learning Management Lesson Plan (ILMLP) in the form of the STEMe in 14 hours was designed. Students’ learning outcomes of their pretest and posttest assessments were obtained using the 30-item Science Achievement Test (SAT). Students’ performances of their creative thinking abilities were determined using the 8-item Creative Thinking Ability Assessment (CTAA). Statistically significant with means, standard deviation, percentage, independent t-test, simple and multiple correlations of Pearson’s movement correlation were analyzed. The results of these research finding have found that followed as: The innovative learning management plans in the form of the STEMe were evaluated to determine performance criteria with the efficiency of the processing performance and the performance results (E1/E2) of the ILMLP to management of students’ activities in science class indicated that of 99.55/80.10. The average mean scores of students’ post learning achievements was a higher than the learning outcomes of their pre-test with the LAT on Magnetic Force Issue were differentiated evidence at the 0.01 level, significantly. Comparisons between students’ creativity thinking abilities of their pre-SAT and post-SAT assessments were assessed with the CTAA based on the model of learning management with the STEMe were differentiated that evidence of statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Associations between students’ learning outcomes of their posttest (SAT) assessment and their creative thinking abilities (CTAA) toward science in science class were related of the variance in previous critical thinking abilities and science rerated that evidence of statistically significant at the 0.01 level.   Article visualizations

Thai Adolescents and Social Responsibility: Overcoming Violence in Schools and Creating Peace

There is a need to understand the nature of adolescent violent behavior across cultures as well as to learn more about adolescent’s social responsibility toward violence. Purpose: To describe social responsibility of adolescents toward violence and explain the aspects of adolescent’s social responsibility in Thailand. Design and Methods: Focus group and qualitative individual interviews (N=18) were conducted with 18 participants, including 10 adolescent students, 4 teachers, and 4 parents, to assess their perceptions and behavior on social responsibility and violent behavior. Thematic analysis was conducted in three phases to code transcribed interview data and identify themes of social responsibility toward violence. Findings: Violence has become recognized globally as a critical social problem that requires vital attention. The present study found that it is valuable that adolescent students could cultivate social responsibility toward violence. In this research, the social responsibility was categorized into 4 aspects: 1) Being influenced by others and feeling out of control; 2) Being frustrated with diffusion of responsibility for promoting non-violence; 3) Not accepting responsibility for escalating behavior; and 4) Seeing the larger picture and developing trust. Conclusions: Adolescents’ social responsibility should be promoted through collaborative social support between home and school. This was accepted among the participants as the way to reach the culturally-valued superior moral rank of social responsibility. The concerted collaboration to attain the highest value of social responsibility has the potential to solve issues of violence and latent violence as well as contribute towards a peaceful society. Key words: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, school mental health promotio