9 research outputs found
Prediction of sand mass and organic matter distribution via in situ measured wet sediment bulk density profile
The objective of the study is to develop a spatial prediction model of sand mass and organic matter distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond using in situ measured wet sediment bulk density profile data to spatially distinguish the most likely contaminated sediment deposit areas. The wet bulk density profiles of deposited sediment at 25 locations in the Berembang (Malaysia) stormwater holding pond were measured using a single-probe nuclear density gauge. The sand and organic matter compositions of the surface sediment sample, 5 cm thickness from the bed surface, were determined. Discriminant analysis (DA) was conducted to generate two Fisher’s linear discriminant functions for the prediction of sand mass and organic matter composition areas, respectively. The linear discriminant functions generated better area classifications of surface organic matter composition compared to the sand mass distribution using wet sediment bulk density data measured at more than 15 cm depth levels
Discriminant analysis for the prediction of sand mass distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond using simulated depth average flow velocity data
The approach of this paper is to predict the sand mass distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond at the Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART) Control Centre, Malaysia, using simulated depth average floodwater velocity diverted into the holding during storm events. Discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to derive the classification function to spatially distinguish areas of relatively high and low sand mass compositions based on the simulated water velocity variations at corresponding locations of gravimetrically measured sand mass composition of surface sediment samples. Three inflow parameter values, 16, 40 and 80 m3 s−1, representing diverted floodwater discharge for three storm event conditions were fixed as input parameters of the hydrodynamic model. The sand (grain size > 0.063 mm) mass composition of the surface sediment measured at 29 sampling locations ranges from 3.7 to 45.5 %. The sampling locations of the surface sediment were spatially clustered into two groups based on the sand mass composition. The sand mass composition of group 1 is relatively lower (3.69 to 12.20 %) compared to group 2 (16.90 to 45.55 %). Two Fisher’s linear discriminant functions, F 1 and F 2, were generated to predict areas; both consist of relatively higher and lower sand mass compositions based on the relationship between the simulated flow velocity and the measured surface sand composition at corresponding sampling locations. F 1 = −9.405 + 4232.119 × A − 1795.805 × B + 281.224 × C, and F 2 = −2.842 + 2725.137 × A − 1307.688 × B + 231.353 × C. A, B and C represent the simulated flow velocity generated by inflow parameter values of 16, 40 and 80 m3 s−1, respectively. The model correctly predicts 88.9 and 100.0 % of sampling locations consisting of relatively high and low sand mass percentages, respectively, with the cross-validated classification showing that, overall, 82.8 % are correctly classified. The model predicts that 31.4 % of the model domain areas consist of high-sand mass composition areas and the remaining 68.6 % comprise low-sand mass composition areas
Sago Starch and Its Acrylamide Modified Products as Coating Material on Handsheets Made from Recycled Pulp Fibers
This study was carried out to determine the
suitability of sago starch as a paper additive. The basic
properties (i.e., pH, viscosity, and solid content) of the 5%
weight over volume basis of unmodified and modified sago
starch (sago starch blended with acrylamide, sago starch
grafted with acrylamide in an acidic and adjusted to alkaline
conditions) were determined. The starches were then used
to coat laboratory handsheets made from recycled pulp fibers. The incorporation of acrylamide into sago starch
through grafting significantly reduced the viscosity of the
solution. Generally, coating the handsheets with unmodified
sago starch significantly improved some properties as compared to the uncoated handsheets. Among the three types of
sago starch modification methods, blending gave superior
performance when coated on the handsheets, except for
smoothness and air permeance, due to insufficient curing
shown by the micrographs. FTIR spectra showed that the
interactions between the blended acrylamide–starch solutions and the pulp fiber were weak. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 154 –158, 200
Sago starch and its acrylamide modified products as coating material on handsheets made from recycled pulp fibers
This study was carried out to determine the
suitability of sago starch as a paper additive. The basic
properties (i.e., pH, viscosity, and solid content) of the 5% weight over volume basis of unmodified and modified sago
starch (sago starch blended with acrylamide, sago starch
grafted with acrylamide in an acidic and adjusted to alkaline conditions) were determined. The starches were then used to coat laboratory handsheets made from recycled pulp fibers. The incorporation of acrylamide into sago starch
through grafting significantly reduced the viscosity of the
solution. Generally, coating the handsheets with unmodified
sago starch significantly improved some properties as compared to the uncoated handsheets. Among the three types of sago starch modification methods, blending gave superior
performance when coated on the handsheets, except for
smoothness and air permeance, due to insufficient curing
shown by the micrographs. FTIR spectra showed that the
interactions between the blended acrylamide–starch solutions and the pulp fiber were weak. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 154 –158, 2004
Sago starch and its acrylamide modified products as coating material on handsheets made from recycled pulp fibers
This study was carried out to determine the
suitability of sago starch as a paper additive. The basic
properties (i.e., pH, viscosity, and solid content) of the 5% weight over volume basis of unmodified and modified sago
starch (sago starch blended with acrylamide, sago starch
grafted with acrylamide in an acidic and adjusted to alkaline conditions) were determined. The starches were then used to coat laboratory handsheets made from recycled pulp fibers. The incorporation of acrylamide into sago starch
through grafting significantly reduced the viscosity of the
solution. Generally, coating the handsheets with unmodified
sago starch significantly improved some properties as compared to the uncoated handsheets. Among the three types of sago starch modification methods, blending gave superior
performance when coated on the handsheets, except for
smoothness and air permeance, due to insufficient curing
shown by the micrographs. FTIR spectra showed that the
interactions between the blended acrylamide–starch solutions and the pulp fiber were weak. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 154 –158, 2004
Prediction of sand mass and organic matter distribution via <i>in situ</i> measured wet sediment bulk density profile
<p>The objective of the study is to develop a spatial prediction model of sand mass and organic matter distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond using <i>in situ</i> measured wet sediment bulk density profile data to spatially distinguish the most likely contaminated sediment deposit areas. The wet bulk density profiles of deposited sediment at 25 locations in the Berembang (Malaysia) stormwater holding pond were measured using a single-probe nuclear density gauge. The sand and organic matter compositions of the surface sediment sample, 5 cm thickness from the bed surface, were determined. Discriminant analysis (DA) was conducted to generate two Fisher’s linear discriminant functions for the prediction of sand mass and organic matter composition areas, respectively. The linear discriminant functions generated better area classifications of surface organic matter composition compared to the sand mass distribution using wet sediment bulk density data measured at more than 15 cm depth levels.</p
Prediction of sand mass and organic matter distribution via in situ
The objective of the study is to develop a spatial prediction model of sand mass and organic matter distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond using in situ measured wet sediment bulk density profile data to spatially distinguish the most likely contaminated sediment deposit areas. The wet bulk density profiles of deposited sediment at 25 locations in the Berembang (Malaysia) stormwater holding pond were measured using a single-probe nuclear density gauge. The sand and organic matter compositions of the surface sediment sample, 5 cm thickness from the bed surface, were determined. Discriminant analysis (DA) was conducted to generate two Fisher’s linear discriminant functions for the prediction of sand mass and organic matter composition areas, respectively. The linear discriminant functions generated better area classifications of surface organic matter composition compared to the sand mass distribution using wet sediment bulk density data measured at more than 15 cm depth levels